Brown Treesnakes continue to cause major problems for the ecology, economy, and quality of life on Guam. Our scientists conduct research on this snake species, including control tool development and testing, ecological impacts, and early detection methods. We hold Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team training courses on Guam throughout the year to develop the skills needed to effectively respond to snake sightings in island environments. Training covers snake capture and handling, search image development at night, response logistics, search area and trapping layout and a host of other practical skill sets.
In 2002, a multiagency Rapid Response Team (RRT) led by USGS was established to assist with detection and capture of Brown Treesnakes on recipient islands if a snake was accidentally transported from Guam. The RRT has incorporated a wide range of research results from the USGS Invasive Reptiles Project, such as means to improve snake detectability at low densities, effectiveness of control tools in rodent-rich environments, and predicting movements of snakes translocated accidentally.
The primary RRT activities are conducting training courses on Guam for team members stationed on other islands and conducting and managing multi-agency responses when a snake is sighted on an island other than Guam. Training courses on Guam include extensive visual searching to develop the ability to find and capture snakes, as well as instruction on use of snake traps and proper interview techniques when gathering snake observation data from the public. The Rapid Response Team coordinator also performs outreach and public education on Brown Treesnakes throughout the Pacific region.
Cooperators include the DOI Office of Insular Affairs, USFWS, U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Department of Defense, USDA Wildlife Services, Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, Hawaii’s Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species and Invasive Species Committees, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, and Hawaii Department of Forestry and Wildlife. Additional quarantine, agriculture, and natural resources cooperators include officials from the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
USGS Brown Treesnake Laboratory - Guam
Control and Landscape-Scale Suppression of the Invasive Brown Treesnake
Below are multimedia items associated with this project.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Geographic distribution: Boiga irregularis (Brown treesnake)
Marsh rabbit mortalities tie pythons to the precipitous decline of mammals in the Everglades
Invaded invaders: Infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic larval cestode with a life cycle comprised of non-native hosts
Factors affecting defensive strike behavior in Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) provoked by humans
Movements and activity of juvenile Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis)
Invasive Brown Treesnake movements at road edges indicate road-crossing avoidance
Selective predation by feral cats on a native skink on Guam
Genetic analysis of a novel invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake
Ecological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida
Consumption of bird eggs by invasive Burmese Pythons in Florida
Do predators control prey species abundance? An experimental test with brown treesnakes on Guam
Divergence in morphology, but not habitat use, despite low genetic differentiation among insular populations of the lizard Anolis lemurinus in Honduras
Below are partners associated with this project.
- Overview
Brown Treesnakes continue to cause major problems for the ecology, economy, and quality of life on Guam. Our scientists conduct research on this snake species, including control tool development and testing, ecological impacts, and early detection methods. We hold Brown Treesnake Rapid Response Team training courses on Guam throughout the year to develop the skills needed to effectively respond to snake sightings in island environments. Training covers snake capture and handling, search image development at night, response logistics, search area and trapping layout and a host of other practical skill sets.
In 2002, a multiagency Rapid Response Team (RRT) led by USGS was established to assist with detection and capture of Brown Treesnakes on recipient islands if a snake was accidentally transported from Guam. The RRT has incorporated a wide range of research results from the USGS Invasive Reptiles Project, such as means to improve snake detectability at low densities, effectiveness of control tools in rodent-rich environments, and predicting movements of snakes translocated accidentally.
The primary RRT activities are conducting training courses on Guam for team members stationed on other islands and conducting and managing multi-agency responses when a snake is sighted on an island other than Guam. Training courses on Guam include extensive visual searching to develop the ability to find and capture snakes, as well as instruction on use of snake traps and proper interview techniques when gathering snake observation data from the public. The Rapid Response Team coordinator also performs outreach and public education on Brown Treesnakes throughout the Pacific region.
Cooperators include the DOI Office of Insular Affairs, USFWS, U.S. Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Department of Defense, USDA Wildlife Services, Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, Hawaii’s Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species and Invasive Species Committees, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, and Hawaii Department of Forestry and Wildlife. Additional quarantine, agriculture, and natural resources cooperators include officials from the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau.
- Science
Below are other science projects associated with this project.
USGS Brown Treesnake Laboratory - Guam
USGS scientists and staff associated with the Brown Treesnake Project are co-located at the Guam National Wildlife Refuge at the northern end of Guam in the western Pacific Ocean. Project staff work on developing and testing control tools for invasive brown treesnakes, as well as understanding their impacts on Guam's ecosystems. Project staff also lead the multi-agency Brown Treesnake Rapid...Control and Landscape-Scale Suppression of the Invasive Brown Treesnake
The Brown Treesnake is a highly destructive reptile species that has extirpated many native species of birds, bats, and lizards from the U.S. Territory of Guam. For more than two decades branch scientists with the Invasive Reptile Project have developed, validated, and tested the feasibility of Brown Treesnake control and suppression at various spatial scales. - Multimedia
Below are multimedia items associated with this project.
- Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Filter Total Items: 33Geographic distribution: Boiga irregularis (Brown treesnake)
Rota: Rota Seaport (14.136502°N, 145.135351°E; WGS84). 3 September 2014. Shelwyn Taisacan, Robert Ulloa. Verified by G. Zug. USNM 581745. Snake (42 g, 810 mm SVL, 1020 mm total length) captured in a mouse-baited trap hung on the fence perimeter of the Rota Seaport. Because the Northern Marianas Islands are historically snake-free, these traps are used around ports and airports for early detectionAuthorsAdam Knox, Elden Holldorf, Robert N. Reed, Sylvan Igisomar, Steve W. GotteMarsh rabbit mortalities tie pythons to the precipitous decline of mammals in the Everglades
To address the ongoing debate over the impact of invasive species on native terrestrial wildlife, we conducted a large-scale experiment to test the hypothesis that invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) were a cause of the precipitous decline of mammals in Everglades National Park (ENP). Evidence linking pythons to mammal declines has been indirect and there are reasons to question wAuthorsRobert A. McCleery, Adia Sovie, Robert N. Reed, Mark W. Cunningham, Margaret E. Hunter, Kristen M. HartInvaded invaders: Infection of invasive Brown Treesnakes on Guam by an exotic larval cestode with a life cycle comprised of non-native hosts
Background Multiple host introductions to the same non-native environment have the potential to complete life cycles of parasites incidentally transported with them. Our goal was to identify a recently detected parasitic flatworm in the invasive Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) on the remote Pacific island of Guam. We considered possible factors influencing parasite transmission, and tested forAuthorsElden T Holldorf, Shane R. Siers, Jonathan Q. Richmond, Page E. Klug, Robert ReedFactors affecting defensive strike behavior in Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) provoked by humans
Striking is a typical antipredator defense exhibited by many species of snakes. While trapping Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) on Guam, we observed that snakes most frequently struck at an approaching person at a site where snakes had been trapped, marked, and handled in the past. Using a combination of between-sites and within-site comparisons, we assessed if the propensity to strike was corAuthorsMcKayka M. Spencer, Bjorn Lardner, M.J. Mazurek, Robert N. ReedMovements and activity of juvenile Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis)
Understanding the spatial ecology and foraging strategy of invasive animals is essential for success in control or eradication. We studied movements and activity in juvenile Brown Treesnakes on Guam, as this population segment has proven particularly difficult to control. Distance between daytime refugia (from telemetry of 18 juveniles, 423-800 mm snout-vent length) ranged from 0-118 m (n = 86),AuthorsBjorn Lardner, Julie A. Savidge, Robert N. Reed, Gordon H. RoddaInvasive Brown Treesnake movements at road edges indicate road-crossing avoidance
Roads have significant impacts on the dispersal of wildlife. Although this poses a threat to the abundance and diversity of desirable flora and fauna, it also affords some opportunity for enhancing control of invasive species. Roads are the most common terrain features that may affect the rate of landscape-scale movements of invasive Brown Treesnakes (Boiga irregularis) throughout Guam. We radio tAuthorsShane R. Siers, Julie S Savidge, Robert N. ReedSelective predation by feral cats on a native skink on Guam
Two species of skinks (Fig. 1) occur in a 5-ha plot on Guam where we have been conducting intensive research on Brown Treesnake (Boiga irregularis) population biology for nearly a decade (Rodda et al. 2007). The Pacific Blue-tailed Skink (Emoia caeruleocauda [de Vis 1892]) is native to Guam, whereas the Curious Skink (Carlia ailanpalai Zug 2004) is invasive. On the evening of 27 November 2012, PMLAuthorsBjörn Lardner, Robert N. Reed, Amy A. Yackel Adams, M.J. Mazurek, Thomas J. Hinkle, Patricia M. Levasseur, Meredith S. Palmer, Julie A. SavidgeGenetic analysis of a novel invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake
The tropical island Puerto Rico is potentially vulnerable to invasion by some species of exotic snakes; however, until now no established populations had been reported. Here we report and genetically characterize the nascent invasion of Puerto Rico by an exotic constricting snake of the family Boidae (Boa constrictor) using mtDNA and microsatellite data. Over 150 individual B. constrictor have beeAuthorsR. Graham Reynolds, Alberto R. Puente-Rolón, Robert N. Reed, Liam J. RevellEcological correlates of invasion impact for Burmese pythons in Florida
An invasive population of Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) is established across several thousand square kilometers of southern Florida and appears to have caused precipitous population declines among several species of native mammals. Why has this giant snake had such great success as an invasive species when many established reptiles have failed to spread? We scored the Burmese pythonAuthorsR.N. Reed, J.D. Willson, G.H. Rodda, M.E. DorcasConsumption of bird eggs by invasive Burmese Pythons in Florida
Burmese Pythons (Python molurus bivittatus or P. bivittatus) have been reported to consume 25 species of adult birds in Everglades National Park, Florida (Dove et al. 2011), but until now no records documented this species eating bird eggs. Here we report three recent cases of bird-egg consumption by Burmese Pythons and discuss egg-eating in basal snakes.AuthorsCarla J. Dove, Robert N. Reed, Ray W. SnowDo predators control prey species abundance? An experimental test with brown treesnakes on Guam
The effect of predators on the abundance of prey species is a topic of ongoing debate in ecology; the effect of snake predators on their prey has been less debated, as there exists a general consensus that snakes do not negatively influence the abundance of their prey. However, this viewpoint has not been adequately tested. We quantified the effect of brown treesnake (Boiga irregularis) predationAuthorsEarl W. Campbell, Amy A. Yackel Adams, Sarah J. Converse, Thomas H. Fritts, Gordon H. RoddaDivergence in morphology, but not habitat use, despite low genetic differentiation among insular populations of the lizard Anolis lemurinus in Honduras
Studies of recently isolated populations are useful because observed differences can often be attributed to current environmental variation. Two populations of the lizard Anolis lemurinus have been isolated on the islands of Cayo Menor and Cayo Mayor in the Cayos Cochinos Archipelago of Honduras for less than 15 000 y. We measured 12 morphometric and 10 habitat-use variables on 220 lizards acrossAuthorsM. L. Logan, Chad E. Montgomery, Scott M. Boback, Robert Reed, J. A. Campbell - Partners
Below are partners associated with this project.