Groundwater Flow

The pace of development in Hopewell Township increased substantially in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Concurrent with this has been an increased awareness of the township’s finite water resources and the potential for environmental degradation from increased ground-water withdrawals and reduced ground-water recharge. The goal of this project is to provide a long-term, easily accessed data base...

The Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system underlies Winslow Township. Under natural conditions, water from the Kirkwood-Cohansey discharges to the perennial streams of the Great Egg Harbor River basin. This is referred to as the baseflow of the stream. Withdrawals by wells from the Kirkwood-Cohansey intercept ground water that would have discharged to a stream. In addition, if withdrawals are of...

In preparing guidelines for using the published USGS tables of simulation results, the NJDEP determined additional simulations are needed that include infiltration rates out of the recharge basins that are equivalent to the simulated infiltration capacity of the soil. Published simulations results are from simulations with infiltration rates that are less than the infiltration capacity of the soil...

Stormwater management rules set a mandatory state-wide standard to maintain 100% of the existing average annual recharge volume in a site from pre- to post-development. In addition, it has been widely recognized that the infiltration of stormwater runoff is an effective means to address increases in runoff volume.

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has been tasked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) with assessing the economic and technical viability of specific remediation enhancements at the Lipari Landfill Superfund Site (Lipari) located in Mantua Township, NJ. This work includes determining the source of current groundwater contamination in aquifers underlying the landfill and...

Growth in Salem and western Gloucester Counties has spurred interest in additional withdrawal from the PRM. Several deleterious consequences of additional withdrawals are possible. The goals of this project were to determine and estimate additional pumpage from the PRM aquifer, determine the effects of additional pumpage, and determine areas and their associated timeframes of saltwater intrusion.

The goal of this project is to assist EPA in hydrogeologic investigations and perform a groundwater flow assessment in the Pohatcong Valley area to determine probable source of contamination of wells.

The USEPA wants USGS to evaluate available hydrogeologic and groundwater-quality data to determine if there is sufficient data to develop a model to estimate contributing area of water to the wells. The goals of this project are to determine if available data is sufficient to develop a groundwater flow model to estimate contributing area of water to wells and to determine what data needs to be...

Groundwater withdrawals in the New Jersey (NJ) Coastal Plain, as well as other parts of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain, have increased significantly with the increase in population in recent decades. Future water-supply demands will cause a continuing increase in groundwater withdrawals. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between changes in base-flow and groundwater...

Gasoline spills from leaking underground storage tanks is the most common mechanism of subsurface point source contamination. The U.S. Geological Survey's Toxic Substances Hydrology Program investigated the fate and transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone and shallow groundwater at a gasoline-spill site in Galloway Township, New Jersey.

The Unsaturated Zone is a critical, yet poorly-understood part of the hydrologic cycle. Although it controls the flux of water and chemicals between land surface and the water table, the data necessary to evaluate transport, storage, and reactions occurring within the unsaturated zone are not routinely collected. The unsaturated zone, although often considered a black box, is a fundamental part of...

The Galloway research team has developed and documented three computer programs for simulating flow and transport in the unsaturated zone that are available to the public. These programs were funded by the Toxics Substances Hydrology Program. The computer codes are written in Fortran F77 and run on a variety of computer systems, including mainframe and personal computers, with only minor...