Estimating Evaporative Losses Incurred by Conveyance of City of Albuquerque San Juan-Chama Water: Jemez to Albuquerque Active
The City of Albuquerque is in the process of implementing the Drinking Water Project, which is part of the Albuquerque Water Resources Management Strategy. As part of this strategy, the City will begin accepting delivery of imported San Juan-Chama water to supplement present municipal water supplies. The City of Albuquerque’s annual allotment of imported San Juan-Chama water is 48,200 acre-feet/year, which is to be delivered from Heron Reservoir. The City may only use the portion of its San Juan-Chama water that remains after evaporative losses have been accounted for. Evaporative loss factors for delivery of the City’s San Juan-Chama water in the Jemez-to-Alameda Bridge reach of the Rio Grande have not been approved by the Rio Grand Compact Commission.
Evaporative loss factors for San Juan-Chama water that is to be delivered to points between Heron Reservoir and the mouth of Jemez River have been previously determined; these evaporative loss factors have been agreed upon by the Rio Grande Compact Commission and the US Bureau of Reclamation (1974); Martin (1996); CH2MHill (2002).
Objectives and Scope
The objective of this project is to determine evaporative losses incurred by conveyance of City of Albuquerque San Juan-Chama water from the mouth of the Jemez River to the point of diversion (Alameda Bridge), under various streamflow conditions. The width-discharge relation of the Jemez-to-Alameda Bridge reach of the Rio Grande will be approximated for the appropriate range of discharge. This relation, in addition to measured evaporation rates (Rio Grande Compact Commission, 2001, p. 66), will be used to estimate the evaporative losses of the City’s San Juan-Chama water between the mouth of the Jemez River and the Drinking Water Project (DWP) point of diversion.
Approach
This study will be approached in two general phases: data collection and data interpretation.
Phase I
The reach of the Rio Grande between the mouth of the Jemez River and the DWP point of diversion will be divided into reaches of similar physical and geomorphic characteristics. The appropriate range of discharge will be determined based on (1) the minimum flow of the Rio Grande, below which the City will not divert water, and (2) the maximum threshold flow, above which there is no increase in width with increases in discharge.
For each reach, width-discharge relations will be developed for various streamflow conditions within the appropriate range of discharge. Aerial photographs, which are available for a range of streamflow conditions, will be used to determine the width of open water, wetted and dry sand at 10 or more transects for each reach. An existing wetland database, which defines the perennial channel, seasonally flooded areas, and islands, may be used to supplement data collected from aerial photographs. Additionally, channel cross-section data collected by the USGS, US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), will be used in developing width-discharge relations.
Phase II
Monthly evaporative-loss calculations will be made for the previously determined ranges of discharge. The calculations will be a function (1) total discharge in the channel, and (2) percentage of City of San Juan-Chama water in the channel. Assumptions include (1) seepage and transpiration losses are not a function of San Juan-Chama water and, therefore, can be neglected, and (2) channel morphology, which governs the width/discharge relation, does not substantially change over time.
REFERENCES
Blanchard, P. J., 1993, Ground-water-level fluctuations in the Cochiti Dam-Pena Blanca area, Sandoval County, New Mexico, 1976-89, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4193, 72p.
Bureau of Reclamation, 1974, Proposed methods for computing channel losses: San Juan-Chama Project Water Accounting: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation document, 8/6/1974.
Bureau of Reclamation, 1985, San Juan-Chama Project incremental channel loss study between Cochiti Dam and Elephant Butte Reservoir, 41p.
Byrd, D., Allen, H.R., and Montaño, M., 2003, Water resources data New Mexico water year 2003, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report NM-03-1
CH2MHill, 2002, Analysis of SJM Water Loss Factors for OSE Hearing on Permit 4830: CH2MHill Technical memorandum, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 10/04/02, 8 p. plus 1 attachment.
City of Albuquerque Public Works Department, 1997, City of Albuquerque Water Resources Management Strategy: Evaluation of Alternatives and Strategy Formulation, 47 p.
Farnsworth, R.K., E.S. Thompson, and E.L. Peck (1982). "Evaporation Atlas for the Contiguous 48 United States," NOAA Technical Report NWS 33, Washington, D.C.
Gold, Robert, 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, 22p.
Lewis, A., 2001, "The Buckman Well Field" in Johnson, Peggy S. (editor) Water, Watersheds and Land Use in New Mexico: Impacts of Population Growth on Natural Resources. New Mexico Decision Makers Field Guide No. 1., New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Albuquerque, New Mexico, p. 27
Martin, Karl, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1996, Supporting documentation for SJ-C loss rates: memorandum to Gary Daves and Norm Gaume, COA, and Bill Miller, ISC: 10/10/1996.
McAda, D. P., 1988, Simulation of the Regional Geohydrology of the Tesuque Aquifer System near Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4056.
McAda, D. P. and Barroll, Peggy, 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti and San Acicia, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4200, 81 p.
McAda, D. P., 1990, Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-4184, 27 p.
McDonald, M.G. and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 6, chap. A1, 586 p.
Rio Grande Compact Commission, 2001, Report of the Rio Grande Compact Commission 2000, 68 p.
Tetra Tech, Inc. 2004. Development of the Middle Rio Grande FLO-2D flood routing model, Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir, Surface Water Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Prepared for the Bosque Initiative Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
USGS, 1977, Water resources data for New Mexico water year 1976, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report NM-76-1,
Veenhuis, J.E., 2002, Summary of flow loss between selected cross sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4131, 30 p.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Summary of Flow Loss between Selected Cross Sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico
Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin Between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico
Ground-water-level fluctuations in the Cochiti Dam-Peña Blanca area, Sandoval County, New Mexico, 1976-89
Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico
Simulation of the regional geohydrology of the Tesuque aquifer system near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico
A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model
Water resources data for New Mexico, water year 1976
- Overview
The City of Albuquerque is in the process of implementing the Drinking Water Project, which is part of the Albuquerque Water Resources Management Strategy. As part of this strategy, the City will begin accepting delivery of imported San Juan-Chama water to supplement present municipal water supplies. The City of Albuquerque’s annual allotment of imported San Juan-Chama water is 48,200 acre-feet/year, which is to be delivered from Heron Reservoir. The City may only use the portion of its San Juan-Chama water that remains after evaporative losses have been accounted for. Evaporative loss factors for delivery of the City’s San Juan-Chama water in the Jemez-to-Alameda Bridge reach of the Rio Grande have not been approved by the Rio Grand Compact Commission.
Evaporative loss factors for San Juan-Chama water that is to be delivered to points between Heron Reservoir and the mouth of Jemez River have been previously determined; these evaporative loss factors have been agreed upon by the Rio Grande Compact Commission and the US Bureau of Reclamation (1974); Martin (1996); CH2MHill (2002).
Objectives and Scope
The objective of this project is to determine evaporative losses incurred by conveyance of City of Albuquerque San Juan-Chama water from the mouth of the Jemez River to the point of diversion (Alameda Bridge), under various streamflow conditions. The width-discharge relation of the Jemez-to-Alameda Bridge reach of the Rio Grande will be approximated for the appropriate range of discharge. This relation, in addition to measured evaporation rates (Rio Grande Compact Commission, 2001, p. 66), will be used to estimate the evaporative losses of the City’s San Juan-Chama water between the mouth of the Jemez River and the Drinking Water Project (DWP) point of diversion.
Approach
This study will be approached in two general phases: data collection and data interpretation.
Phase I
The reach of the Rio Grande between the mouth of the Jemez River and the DWP point of diversion will be divided into reaches of similar physical and geomorphic characteristics. The appropriate range of discharge will be determined based on (1) the minimum flow of the Rio Grande, below which the City will not divert water, and (2) the maximum threshold flow, above which there is no increase in width with increases in discharge.
For each reach, width-discharge relations will be developed for various streamflow conditions within the appropriate range of discharge. Aerial photographs, which are available for a range of streamflow conditions, will be used to determine the width of open water, wetted and dry sand at 10 or more transects for each reach. An existing wetland database, which defines the perennial channel, seasonally flooded areas, and islands, may be used to supplement data collected from aerial photographs. Additionally, channel cross-section data collected by the USGS, US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), will be used in developing width-discharge relations.
Phase II
Monthly evaporative-loss calculations will be made for the previously determined ranges of discharge. The calculations will be a function (1) total discharge in the channel, and (2) percentage of City of San Juan-Chama water in the channel. Assumptions include (1) seepage and transpiration losses are not a function of San Juan-Chama water and, therefore, can be neglected, and (2) channel morphology, which governs the width/discharge relation, does not substantially change over time.
REFERENCES
Blanchard, P. J., 1993, Ground-water-level fluctuations in the Cochiti Dam-Pena Blanca area, Sandoval County, New Mexico, 1976-89, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4193, 72p.
Bureau of Reclamation, 1974, Proposed methods for computing channel losses: San Juan-Chama Project Water Accounting: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation document, 8/6/1974.
Bureau of Reclamation, 1985, San Juan-Chama Project incremental channel loss study between Cochiti Dam and Elephant Butte Reservoir, 41p.
Byrd, D., Allen, H.R., and Montaño, M., 2003, Water resources data New Mexico water year 2003, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report NM-03-1
CH2MHill, 2002, Analysis of SJM Water Loss Factors for OSE Hearing on Permit 4830: CH2MHill Technical memorandum, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 10/04/02, 8 p. plus 1 attachment.
City of Albuquerque Public Works Department, 1997, City of Albuquerque Water Resources Management Strategy: Evaluation of Alternatives and Strategy Formulation, 47 p.
Farnsworth, R.K., E.S. Thompson, and E.L. Peck (1982). "Evaporation Atlas for the Contiguous 48 United States," NOAA Technical Report NWS 33, Washington, D.C.
Gold, Robert, 1985, Potential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4268, 22p.
Lewis, A., 2001, "The Buckman Well Field" in Johnson, Peggy S. (editor) Water, Watersheds and Land Use in New Mexico: Impacts of Population Growth on Natural Resources. New Mexico Decision Makers Field Guide No. 1., New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources. Albuquerque, New Mexico, p. 27
Martin, Karl, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 1996, Supporting documentation for SJ-C loss rates: memorandum to Gary Daves and Norm Gaume, COA, and Bill Miller, ISC: 10/10/1996.
McAda, D. P., 1988, Simulation of the Regional Geohydrology of the Tesuque Aquifer System near Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4056.
McAda, D. P. and Barroll, Peggy, 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti and San Acicia, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4200, 81 p.
McAda, D. P., 1990, Simulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-4184, 27 p.
McDonald, M.G. and Harbaugh, A.W., 1988, A modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 6, chap. A1, 586 p.
Rio Grande Compact Commission, 2001, Report of the Rio Grande Compact Commission 2000, 68 p.
Tetra Tech, Inc. 2004. Development of the Middle Rio Grande FLO-2D flood routing model, Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir, Surface Water Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Prepared for the Bosque Initiative Group, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
USGS, 1977, Water resources data for New Mexico water year 1976, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report NM-76-1,
Veenhuis, J.E., 2002, Summary of flow loss between selected cross sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4131, 30 p.
- Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Summary of Flow Loss between Selected Cross Sections on the Rio Grande in and near Albuquerque, New Mexico
The upper middle Rio Grande Basin, as defined by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, extends from the headwaters of the Rio Grande in southwestern Colorado to Fort Quitman, Texas. Most of the basin has a semiarid climate typical of the southwestern United States. This climate drives a highly variable streamflow regime that contributes to the complexity of water management in the basin. Currently, raAuthorsJack E. VeenhuisSimulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Middle Rio Grande Basin Between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico
This report describes a three-dimensional, finite difference, ground-water-flow model of the Santa Fe Group aquifer system within the Middle Rio Grande Basin between Cochiti and San Acacia, New Mexico. The aquifer system is composed of the Santa Fe Group of middle Tertiary to Quaternary age and post-Santa Fe Group valley and basin-fill deposits of Quaternary age. Population increases in the basAuthorsDouglas P. McAda, Peggy BarrollGround-water-level fluctuations in the Cochiti Dam-Peña Blanca area, Sandoval County, New Mexico, 1976-89
No abstract available.AuthorsP. J. BlanchardSimulation of the effects of ground-water withdrawal from a well field adjacent to the Rio Grande, Santa Fe County, New Mexico
No abstract available.AuthorsD. P. McAdaSimulation of the regional geohydrology of the Tesuque aquifer system near Santa Fe, New Mexico
Declining groundwater levels resulting from groundwater withdrawals in the Santa Fe, New Mexico, area have caused concern about the future availability of water in the Tesuque aquifer system. This report describes the geohydrology of the Tesuque aquifer system in the Santa Fe area and presents a three-dimensional regional groundwater flow model which assesses the effects of existing and possible fAuthorsD. P. McAda, Maryann WasiolekPotential incremental seepage losses in an alluvial channel in the Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico
A two-dimensional, digital, cross-sectional model was used to simulate seepage of water from an alluvial channel, which had the general characteristic of the Rio Grande channel, into the underlying alluvium within the reach from Cochiti Dam to Elephant Butte Reservoir. Seepage rates were determined for losing and gaining reaches, and reaches affected by pumping of ground water. The seepage rates wAuthorsR.L. GoldA modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model
This report presents a finite-difference model and its associated modular computer program. The model simulates flow in three dimensions. The report includes detailed explanations of physical and mathematical concepts on which the model is based and an explanation of how those concepts were incorporated in the modular structure of the computer program. The modular structure consists of a Main ProgAuthorsM.G. McDonald, A.W. HarbaughWater resources data for New Mexico, water year 1976
Water resources data for the 1976 water year for New Mexico consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for 212 gaging stations; stage and contents for 24 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 67 gaging stations, 19 partial-rAuthors