Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Completed
The Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, which extends across Idaho and Washington, is the sole source of drinking water for more than 450,000 people. Recently submitted water-rights requests would substantially increase withdrawals from the aquifer. The public and state resource management agencies need an improved understanding of the SVRP hydrologic system in order to ensure appropriate management and protection of this valuable resource. In close cooperation with water-resource agencies and stakeholders from Idaho and Washington, the USGS is conducting a major study of the aquifer to provide current, complete scientific information for making good decisions about managing this important aquifer.
9722-B2V - Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Hydrologic Study - Completed FY2007
Problem - The Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer represents the sole source of drinking water for over 400,000 residents in Spokane County, Washington, and Kootenai County, Idaho. The area includes the rapidly growing cities of Spokane, Spokane Valley, and Liberty Lake, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene and Post Falls, Idaho. Recent and projected urban, suburban, and industrial/commercial growth has raised concerns about potential future impacts on water availability and water quality in the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers. Water resource concerns include growing demands on ground water and declining ground-water levels, low streamflow in reaches of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, and water-quality problems associated with changing land use activities. Management of the SVRP aquifer system is complicated by the interstate, multi-jurisdictional nature of the system.
Objectives - The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of ground-water and surface-water resources in the SVRP area. This study will provide an improved scientific basis for evaluating water management alternatives for the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers. This study will provide the means for estimating the effects of additional ground water and surface water withdrawals on the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, as well as simulating potential effects of climate change on water resources in the area. This study also will establish a network of dedicated monitoring wells for long-term collection of ground-water level and water-quality measurements, and will develop a common regional database for analyzing current and future ground-water and surface-water questions.
Relevance and Benefits - The project addresses many issues identified in the USGS Water Resources Program’s Strategic Plan (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-249/html/exec.html#H001) for meeting the nation’s water-resources needs. These issues include availability and sustainability assessments of America’s water resources, estimating effects of land use and management alternatives on water quantity, and determining effects of ground-water withdrawals on surface water. Water availability and ground-water/surface-water interactions are critical to the SVRP study and are also major water-resource issues identified in the Washington District’s Science Plan. Study of the SVRP aquifer is complicated by the interstate nature of the aquifer; thus, the USGS serves a critical role in supporting the impartial collection and analysis of water-resource data by working with the States of Washington and Idaho to develop resource-management tools that are mutually acceptable to both States and a diverse stakeholder community. There is high transfer value to the partnering process used to achieve the study objectives, and the tools developed in this study can be used in similar hydrogeologic settings.
Approach - Tasks that will be conducted to achieve the project objectives include:
- Compile, review, and evaluate published reports, numerical models, and database records describing the geology, hydrogeology, aquifer characteristics, and water-budget components of the SVRP aquifer and adjacent geologic units, and streamflow records for the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers.
- Collect additional data necessary for the construction of a ground-water/surface-water flow model.
- Construct and calibrate a regional ground-water/surface-water flow model of the SVRP aquifer area.
- Demonstrate model capabilities using several hypothetical water-management scenarios on the SVRP aquifer system.
Several other studies of the SVRP aquifer and Spokane River system are currently underway. These studies are supported by a variety of federal, state, local, and private funds. Data collection for the SVRP aquifer study will be coordinated with the principal investigators of these studies to ensure that all available aquifer-related data are collected and synthesized into the SVRP aquifer study database and to eliminate the duplication of efforts.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
Hydrogeologic Framework and Ground-Water Budget of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
Assessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
Compilation of geologic, hydrologic, and ground-water flow modeling information for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
Streamflow trends in the Spokane River and tributaries, Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho and Washington
Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington
Depth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho
Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Washington and Idaho
Below are partners associated with this project.
- Overview
The Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, which extends across Idaho and Washington, is the sole source of drinking water for more than 450,000 people. Recently submitted water-rights requests would substantially increase withdrawals from the aquifer. The public and state resource management agencies need an improved understanding of the SVRP hydrologic system in order to ensure appropriate management and protection of this valuable resource. In close cooperation with water-resource agencies and stakeholders from Idaho and Washington, the USGS is conducting a major study of the aquifer to provide current, complete scientific information for making good decisions about managing this important aquifer.
9722-B2V - Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie Hydrologic Study - Completed FY2007
Problem - The Spokane Valley - Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer represents the sole source of drinking water for over 400,000 residents in Spokane County, Washington, and Kootenai County, Idaho. The area includes the rapidly growing cities of Spokane, Spokane Valley, and Liberty Lake, Washington, and Coeur d'Alene and Post Falls, Idaho. Recent and projected urban, suburban, and industrial/commercial growth has raised concerns about potential future impacts on water availability and water quality in the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers. Water resource concerns include growing demands on ground water and declining ground-water levels, low streamflow in reaches of the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, and water-quality problems associated with changing land use activities. Management of the SVRP aquifer system is complicated by the interstate, multi-jurisdictional nature of the system.
Objectives - The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of ground-water and surface-water resources in the SVRP area. This study will provide an improved scientific basis for evaluating water management alternatives for the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers. This study will provide the means for estimating the effects of additional ground water and surface water withdrawals on the SVRP aquifer and Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers, as well as simulating potential effects of climate change on water resources in the area. This study also will establish a network of dedicated monitoring wells for long-term collection of ground-water level and water-quality measurements, and will develop a common regional database for analyzing current and future ground-water and surface-water questions.
Relevance and Benefits - The project addresses many issues identified in the USGS Water Resources Program’s Strategic Plan (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr99-249/html/exec.html#H001) for meeting the nation’s water-resources needs. These issues include availability and sustainability assessments of America’s water resources, estimating effects of land use and management alternatives on water quantity, and determining effects of ground-water withdrawals on surface water. Water availability and ground-water/surface-water interactions are critical to the SVRP study and are also major water-resource issues identified in the Washington District’s Science Plan. Study of the SVRP aquifer is complicated by the interstate nature of the aquifer; thus, the USGS serves a critical role in supporting the impartial collection and analysis of water-resource data by working with the States of Washington and Idaho to develop resource-management tools that are mutually acceptable to both States and a diverse stakeholder community. There is high transfer value to the partnering process used to achieve the study objectives, and the tools developed in this study can be used in similar hydrogeologic settings.
Approach - Tasks that will be conducted to achieve the project objectives include:
- Compile, review, and evaluate published reports, numerical models, and database records describing the geology, hydrogeology, aquifer characteristics, and water-budget components of the SVRP aquifer and adjacent geologic units, and streamflow records for the Spokane and Little Spokane Rivers.
- Collect additional data necessary for the construction of a ground-water/surface-water flow model.
- Construct and calibrate a regional ground-water/surface-water flow model of the SVRP aquifer area.
- Demonstrate model capabilities using several hypothetical water-management scenarios on the SVRP aquifer system.
Several other studies of the SVRP aquifer and Spokane River system are currently underway. These studies are supported by a variety of federal, state, local, and private funds. Data collection for the SVRP aquifer study will be coordinated with the principal investigators of these studies to ensure that all available aquifer-related data are collected and synthesized into the SVRP aquifer study database and to eliminate the duplication of efforts.
- Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Ground-Water Flow Model for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
This report presents a computer model of ground-water flow in the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer in Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho. The aquifer is the sole source of drinking water for more than 500,000 residents in the area. In response to the concerns about the impacts of increased ground-water withdrawals resulting from recent and projected uAuthorsPaul A. Hsieh, Michael E. Barber, Bryce A. Contor, Md. Akram Hossain, Gary S. Johnson, Joseph L. Jones, Allan H. WylieHydrogeologic Framework and Ground-Water Budget of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and Washington State Department of Ecology, investigated the hydrogeologic framework and ground-water budget of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer located in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington. Descriptions of the hydrogeologic framework, water-budget components, and further data needs aAuthorsSue C. Kahle, James R. BartolinoAssessment of Areal Recharge to the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
A numerical flow model of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer currently (2007) being developed requires the input of values for areally-distributed recharge, a parameter that is often the most uncertain component of water budgets and ground-water flow models because it is virtually impossible to measure over large areas. Data from six active weather stations in and near the study area wereAuthorsJames R. BartolinoCompilation of geologic, hydrologic, and ground-water flow modeling information for the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Spokane County, Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and Washington Department of Ecology compiled and described geologic, hydrologic, and ground-water flow modeling information about the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer in northern Idaho and northeastern Washington. Descriptions of the hydrogeologic framework, water-budget components, ground- and sAuthorsSue C. Kahle, Rodney R. Caldwell, James R. BartolinoStreamflow trends in the Spokane River and tributaries, Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho and Washington
A clear understanding of the aquifer and river dynamics within the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie is essential in making proper management decisions concerning ground-water and surface-water appropriations. Management of the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer is complicated because of interstate, multi-jurisdictional responsibilities, and by the interaction between ground water and surface wAuthorsJon Hortness, John J. CovertSurface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington
Historical mining in the Coeur d’Alene River Basin of northern Idaho has resulted in elevated concentrations of some trace metals (particularly cadmium, lead, and zinc) in water and sediment of Coeur d’Alene Lake and downstream in the Spokane River in Idaho and Washington. These elevated trace-metal concentrations in the Spokane River have raised concerns about potential contamination of ground waAuthorsRodney R. Caldwell, Craig L. BowersDepth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho
This map report illustrates digitally generated depth-to-water zones for the Rathdrum Prairie in Idaho; part of the Spokane River Valley in eastern Washington; and the intermontane valleys of the upper Big Wood, Big Lost, Pahsimeroi, Little Lost, and Lemhi Rivers and Birch Creek in Idaho. Depth to water is 400 to 500 feet below land surface in the northern part of Rathdrum Prairie, 100 to 200 feetAuthorsCharles E. Berenbrock, M. D. Bassick, T. L. Rogers, S. P. GarciaSpokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Washington and Idaho
The Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer is composed of unconsolidated Quaternary glaciofluvial deposits underlying an area of about 350 square miles. Transmissivities in the aquifer range from about 0.13 million to 11 million feet squared per day and ground-water velocities exceed 60 feet per day in some areas. The water-table gradient ranges from about 2 feet per mile to more than 60 feet perAuthorsB. W. Drost, Harold R. Seitz - Partners
Below are partners associated with this project.