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Publications

Dive into our publications and explore the science from the Environmental Health Program (Toxic Substances Hydrology and Contaminant Biology).

Filter Total Items: 4041

Stable isotope dilution analysis of hydrologic samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is employed in the determination of Ni, Cu, Sr, Cd, Ba, Ti, and Pb in nonsaline, natural water samples by stable isotope dilution analysis. Hydrologic samples were directly analyzed without any unusual pretreatment. Interference effects related to overlapping isobars, formation of metal oxide and multiply charged ions, and matrix composition were identi
Authors
John R. Garbarino, Howard E. Taylor

Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions

A moving boundary problem which arises during transport with precipitation-dissolution reactions is solved by three different numerical methods. Two of these methods (one explicit and one implicit) are based on an integral formulation of mass balance and lead to an approximation of a weak solution. These methods are compared to a front-tracking scheme. Although the two approaches are conceptually
Authors
Catherine Willis, Jacob Rubin

Chemical reactions simulated by ground-water-quality models

Recent literature concerning the modeling of chemical reactions during transport in ground water is examined with emphasis on sorption reactions. The theory of transport and reactions in porous media has been well documented. Numerous equations have been developed from this theory, to provide both continuous and sequential or multistep models, with the water phase considered for both mobile and im
Authors
David B. Grove, Kenneth G. Stollenwerk

Sources and flux of natural gases from Mono Lake, California

The ability to identify a formation mechanism for natural gas in a particular environment requires consideration of several geochemical factors when there are multiple sources present. Four primary sources of methane have been identified in Mono Lake. Two of these sources were associated with numerous natural gas seeps which occur at various locations in the lake and extend beyond its present boun
Authors
Ronald S. Oremland, L.G. Miller, Michael J. Whiticar

Isolation of nonvolatile, organic solutes from natural waters by zeotrophic distillation of water from N,N-dimethylformamide

Nonvolatile, organic solutes that comprise the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in saline waters were isolated by removal of the water by distillation from a N,N-dimethylformamideformic acid-acetonitrile mixture. Salts isolated with the DOC were removed by crystallization of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the solvent mixture, removal of silicic acid by acidification and precipitation, remov
Authors
J. A. Leenheer, P.A. Brown, E.A. Stiles

Vapor pressures and gas-film coefficients for ketones

Comparison of handbook vapor pressures for seven ketones with more recent literature data showed large differences for four of the ketones. Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of these ketones from water determined by two different methods were in reasonable agreement.
Authors
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai

Creosote compounds in snails obtained from Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site

Snails, Thais haemostoma, were collected from two areas offshore in Pensacola Bay, Florida, near an onshore hazardous-waste site. Tissue from the snails was extracted to isolate the lipophilic compounds and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Along with naturally occurring compounds, the snail tissue contained large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as phenanthren
Authors
Colleen E. Rostad, W. E. Pereira

Solubility and stability of scorodite, FeAsO4.2H2O: Discussion

Reported solubility data for a synthetic scorodite and the techniques used to prepare the synthetic phase are questioned. (A.M. 70-838, 72-852)-J.A.Z.
Authors
D. Kirk Nordstrom, George A. Parks

Volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water

Overall mass-transfer coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water were measured simultaneously with the oxygen absorption coefficient in a laboratory stirred tank. Coefficients were measured as a function of mixing conditions in the water for two windspeeds. The ethylene dibromide mass-transfer coefficient depended on windspeed; the ethylene dibromide liquid-film coefficie
Authors
R. E. Rathbun, D. Y. Tai

Characterization of fracture permeability with high-resolution vertical flow measurements during borehole pumping.

The distribution of fracture permeability in granitic rocks was investigated by measuring the distribution of vertical flow in boreholes during periods of steady pumping. Pumping tests were conducted at two sites chosen to provide examples of moderately fractured rocks near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire and intensely fractured rocks near Oracle, Arizona. A sensitive heat-pulse flowmeter was used for
Authors
Frederick L. Paillet, A.E. Hess, C.H. Cheng, E. Hardin

A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations

A procedure for conducting adsorption studies at low suspended solid concentrations in natural waters (<50 mg l−1) is described. Methodological complications previously associated with such experiments have been overcome. Adsorption of zinc ion onto synthetic colloidal titania (TiO2) was studied as a function of pH, supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (0·1-0·002 m) and particle concentrati
Authors
Cecily C.Y. Chang, J.A. Davis, James S. Kuwabara

Effects of pentachlorophenol on methanogenic fermentation of phenol

No abstract available.
Authors
E. Michael Godsy, D. F. Goerlitz, G. G. Ehrlich