A USGS scientist adjusts an air pump used to measure emission of polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) into the air.
How are harmful elements and compounds in plants, soils, rocks, and sediments regulated?
Regulatory limits for safe levels of elements in water and foodstuffs are established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, there are generally no regulatory limits that scientists can refer to when dealing with plants, soils, rocks, and sediments. Therefore, to determine whether a plant, soil, rock, or sediment contains a 'high or unusual' quantity of a specific element, it is necessary to determine what quantity is 'normal or usual.' These levels are referred to as background or baseline measurements, but they may be somewhat different.
A background measurement represents natural concentrations of an element in natural materials that exclude human influence. This measurement represents an idealized situation and is typically more difficult to measure than a baseline.
A baseline measurement represents concentrations measured at some point in time and is not generally a true background. Baseline concentrations are typically expressed as a range, not a single value.
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Does the Earth's magnetic field affect human health?
The Earth's magnetic field does not directly affect human health. Humans evolved to live on this planet. High altitude pilots and astronauts can experience higher levels of radiation during magnetic storms, but the hazard is due to the radiation, not the magnetic field itself. Geomagnetism can also impact the electrically based technology that we rely on, but it does not impact people themselves...
Does the USGS have reports on the background levels of elements in soils and other surficial materials?
The following USGS products will be helpful in determining the background levels of various elements in soils and other surficial materials: Geochemical and Mineralogical Data for Soils of the Conterminous United States (2013) Data for samples collected at three intervals (0-5 cm surficial soils, A-Horizon soils, and C-Horizon soils) across the entire conterminous U.S. These data provide the best...
How frequently are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in groundwater?
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are widely used in the manufacture of many products including refrigerants, plastics, adhesives, paints, and petroleum products, have been detected in about one-third of the wells sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the USGS. Chloroform and other trihalomethanes, the most commonly detected compounds, were found in about 9...
A USGS scientist adjusts an air pump used to measure emission of polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) into the air.
You may notice a green, red or brown film on your favorite boating or swimming area in the summer. This coloring could mean that the water is affected by harmful algal blooms. USGS scientists Dr. Barry Rosen, Dr. Jennifer Graham and Dr.
You may notice a green, red or brown film on your favorite boating or swimming area in the summer. This coloring could mean that the water is affected by harmful algal blooms. USGS scientists Dr. Barry Rosen, Dr. Jennifer Graham and Dr.
Listen to hear the answer.
These rare-earth oxides are used as tracers to determine which parts of a watershed are eroding. Clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium. Image Number D1115-1. Photo by Peggy Greb, USDA-ARS.
These rare-earth oxides are used as tracers to determine which parts of a watershed are eroding. Clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium. Image Number D1115-1. Photo by Peggy Greb, USDA-ARS.
Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States
Phytoforensics—Using trees to find contamination
Developing integrated methods to address complex resource and environmental issues
Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore
Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications
The quality of our Nation's waters: factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination: understanding observed water quality and anticipating future water quality
The quality of our nation's waters: Nutrients in the nation's streams and groundwater, 1992-2004
Overview of studies to determine injury caused by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill to marine mammals
Hazardous waste: cleanup and prevention
Water as an urban resource and nuisance
Related Content
- FAQ
Does the Earth's magnetic field affect human health?
The Earth's magnetic field does not directly affect human health. Humans evolved to live on this planet. High altitude pilots and astronauts can experience higher levels of radiation during magnetic storms, but the hazard is due to the radiation, not the magnetic field itself. Geomagnetism can also impact the electrically based technology that we rely on, but it does not impact people themselves...
Does the USGS have reports on the background levels of elements in soils and other surficial materials?
The following USGS products will be helpful in determining the background levels of various elements in soils and other surficial materials: Geochemical and Mineralogical Data for Soils of the Conterminous United States (2013) Data for samples collected at three intervals (0-5 cm surficial soils, A-Horizon soils, and C-Horizon soils) across the entire conterminous U.S. These data provide the best...
How frequently are volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in groundwater?
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are widely used in the manufacture of many products including refrigerants, plastics, adhesives, paints, and petroleum products, have been detected in about one-third of the wells sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program of the USGS. Chloroform and other trihalomethanes, the most commonly detected compounds, were found in about 9...
- Multimedia
Testing Coal-Tar Sealcoats for Toxic PAH EmissionsTesting Coal-Tar Sealcoats for Toxic PAH Emissions
A USGS scientist adjusts an air pump used to measure emission of polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) into the air.
A USGS scientist adjusts an air pump used to measure emission of polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) into the air.
Slimy Summer Swimming: Harmful Algal Blooms in Lakes, Rivers and StreamsSlimy Summer Swimming: Harmful Algal Blooms in Lakes, Rivers and StreamsYou may notice a green, red or brown film on your favorite boating or swimming area in the summer. This coloring could mean that the water is affected by harmful algal blooms. USGS scientists Dr. Barry Rosen, Dr. Jennifer Graham and Dr.
You may notice a green, red or brown film on your favorite boating or swimming area in the summer. This coloring could mean that the water is affected by harmful algal blooms. USGS scientists Dr. Barry Rosen, Dr. Jennifer Graham and Dr.
What elements are harmful to living organisms and how do they get into our environment?What elements are harmful to living organisms and how do they get into our environment?Listen to hear the answer.
rare earth oxidesThese rare-earth oxides are used as tracers to determine which parts of a watershed are eroding. Clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium. Image Number D1115-1. Photo by Peggy Greb, USDA-ARS.
These rare-earth oxides are used as tracers to determine which parts of a watershed are eroding. Clockwise from top center: praseodymium, cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium. Image Number D1115-1. Photo by Peggy Greb, USDA-ARS.
- Publications
Geochemical and mineralogical maps, with interpretation, for soils of the conterminous United States
Between 2007 and 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a low-density (1 site per 1,600 square kilometers, 4,857 sites) geochemical and mineralogical survey of soils in the conterminous United States. The sampling protocol for the national-scale survey included, at each site, a sample from a depth of 0 to 5 centimeters, a composite of the soil A horizon, and a deeper sample from the soil C horAuthorsDavid B. Smith, Federico Solano, Laurel G. Woodruff, William F. Cannon, Karl J. EllefsenPhytoforensics—Using trees to find contamination
The water we drink, air we breathe, and soil we come into contact with have the potential to adversely affect our health because of contaminants in the environment. Environmental samples can characterize the extent of potential contamination, but traditional methods for collecting water, air, and soil samples below the ground (for example, well drilling or direct-push soil sampling) are expensiveAuthorsJordan L. WilsonDeveloping integrated methods to address complex resource and environmental issues
IntroductionThis circular provides an overview of selected activities that were conducted within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Integrated Methods Development Project, an interdisciplinary project designed to develop new tools and conduct innovative research requiring integration of geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and remote-sensing expertise. The project was supported by the USGS Mineral RUnderstanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore
The Eastern Shore includes only a small part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but contributes disproportionately large loads of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus that have contributed to ecological and economic degradation of the bay in recent decades. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and a vital ecological and economic resource. The bay and its tributaries have been degAuthorsScott W. Ator, Judith M. DenverMercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications
Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in fish to levels of concern for human health and the health of fish-eating wildlife. Mercury contamination of fish is the primary reason for issuing fish consumption advisories, which exist in every State in the Nation. Much of the mercury originates from combustion of coal and can travel long distances in the atmosphere before being deposited. ThisAuthorsDennis A. Wentz, Mark E. Brigham, Lia C. Chasar, Michelle A. Lutz, David P. KrabbenhoftThe quality of our Nation's waters: factors affecting public-supply-well vulnerability to contamination: understanding observed water quality and anticipating future water quality
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program, a study was conducted from 2001 to 2011 to shed light on factors that affect the vulnerability of water from public-supply wells to contamination (referred to hereafter as “public-supply-well vulnerability”). The study was designed as a follow-up to earlier NAWQA studies that found mixtures of contaminants atAuthorsSandra M. Eberts, Mary Ann Thomas, Martha L. JaguckiThe quality of our nation's waters: Nutrients in the nation's streams and groundwater, 1992-2004
National Findings and Their ImplicationsAlthough the use of artificial fertilizer has supported increasing food production to meet the needs of a growing population, increases in nutrient loadings from agricultural and, to a lesser extent, urban sources have resulted in nutrient concentrations in many streams and parts of aquifers that exceed standards for protection of human health and (or) aquatAuthorsNeil M. Dubrovsky, Karen R. Burow, Gregory M. Clark, JoAnn M. Gronberg, Pixie A. Hamilton, Kerie J. Hitt, David K. Mueller, Mark D. Munn, Bernard T. Nolan, Larry J. Puckett, Michael G. Rupert, Terry M. Short, Norman E. Spahr, Lori A. Sprague, William G. WilberOverview of studies to determine injury caused by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill to marine mammals
Marine mammal damage assessment studies after the Exxon Valdez oil spill concentrated on sea otters, harbor seals, Steller sea lions, killer whales, and humpback whales. Sea otter and harbor seals were the most affected marine mammal; it was estimated that several thousand otters and several hundred harbor seals died within months of the spill. Steller sea lion, harbor seal, aAuthorsThomas R. Loughlin, Brenda E. Ballachey, B.A. WrightHazardous waste: cleanup and prevention
Our lifestyles are supported by complex Industrial activities that produce many different chemicals and chemical wastes. The Industries that produce our clothing, cars, medicines, paper, food, fuels, steel, plastics, and electric components use and discard thousands of chemicals every year. At home we may use lawn chemicals, solvents, disinfectants, cleaners, and auto products to Improve our qualiAuthorsStephen Vandas, Nancy L. Cronin, Frank Farrar, Guillermo Eliezer Ávila Serrano, Oscar Efraín González Yajimovich, Aurora R. Muñoz, María del C. RiveraWater as an urban resource and nuisance
Generally, when people speak of water as a resource, they are considering its good aspects and recognizing that it is essential for life and living. Sometimes or at some places or to some people, the same water may be annoying or unpleasant and thus a nuisance-for example, rain at a picnic, snow at any time except Christmas Eve, ground water in a basement, floodwater inundating personal property,AuthorsH. E. Thomas, William Joseph Schneider - News