Thermal infrared image of a stream bank in winter

Thermal infrared imaging being used to locate relatively cold groundwater seepage along the streambanks in summer, as shown here mixing into the warmer stream to the right with inset infrared. A subset of cold seepage zones were instrumented with vertical temperature profilers that were used along with measured pore water chemistry to quantify contaminant flux rates over time. This is the image was summer, when groundwater is relatively warm (orange and red colors).