Lava moving along east edge of breakout near ahu. Width of view, about 1 m.
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Lava moving along east edge of breakout near ahu
Lava moving along east edge of breakout near ahu. Width of view, about 1 m.
Lava moves rapidly from under crust
Lava moves rapidly from under crust of inflating flow and finally disappears under overhang. Length of flowing toe, about 1 m.
Lava moves rapidly from under crust of inflating flow and finally disappears under overhang. Length of flowing toe, about 1 m.
Continued movement of lava across rope barrier
Continued movement of lava across rope barrier. Muffled sounds of a long-lasting, migrating methane explosion can be heard about two-thirds of the way through the clip, followed by a "Wow."
Continued movement of lava across rope barrier. Muffled sounds of a long-lasting, migrating methane explosion can be heard about two-thirds of the way through the clip, followed by a "Wow."
Lava breaks out of inflated toe
Lava breaks out of inflated toe and moves down moderate slope with rolling motion, top faster than bottom. See still images for this day; sagging rope gives scale.
Lava breaks out of inflated toe and moves down moderate slope with rolling motion, top faster than bottom. See still images for this day; sagging rope gives scale.
Lava moves across rope
Broad toe of lava moves across rope that formed barrier for access to Wilipe`a lava delta.
Broad toe of lava moves across rope that formed barrier for access to Wilipe`a lava delta.
Lava burning bush
Lava moving down rather steep slope and burning bush at snout of stream. Width of burning bush, about 1 m.
Lava moving down rather steep slope and burning bush at snout of stream. Width of burning bush, about 1 m.
Lava moving rapidly
Toe of lava moving fairly rapidly down moderate slope along edge of Kohola flow. Note that lava moves more rapidly at top than at base of toe, in contrast to lava in video for March 1, which was moving across nearly flat ground. Note also developing wrinkles in moving crust.
Toe of lava moving fairly rapidly down moderate slope along edge of Kohola flow. Note that lava moves more rapidly at top than at base of toe, in contrast to lava in video for March 1, which was moving across nearly flat ground. Note also developing wrinkles in moving crust.
Lava flow advancing
Details of flow advance shown in 25-second clip. Lava oozes outward from base of flow, picks up loose flakes of crust (1-3 cm across) on ground surface, and lifts them up as flow thickens. This is how material once on ground surface gets onto top of flow.
Details of flow advance shown in 25-second clip. Lava oozes outward from base of flow, picks up loose flakes of crust (1-3 cm across) on ground surface, and lifts them up as flow thickens. This is how material once on ground surface gets onto top of flow.
Broad cascade and falls
Part of broad cascade and falls that suddenly gushed from under crust at top of sea cliff. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Part of broad cascade and falls that suddenly gushed from under crust at top of sea cliff. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Cascade and lava falls on west edge of Kohola ocean entry
Cascade and lava falls on west edge of Kohola ocean entry, falling over sea cliff about 8 m high. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Cascade and lava falls on west edge of Kohola ocean entry, falling over sea cliff about 8 m high. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Lava Cascade
Base of lava cascade and construction of mound on beach below sea cliff. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Base of lava cascade and construction of mound on beach below sea cliff. Turn down your sound; lots of wind noise.
Front of flow advancing
Front of flow advancing rather quickly across grassland about 70 m from Chain of Craters Road. Grass ignites a short distance ahead of the lava, owing to the intense radiant heat. Width of scene, about 4 m.
Front of flow advancing rather quickly across grassland about 70 m from Chain of Craters Road. Grass ignites a short distance ahead of the lava, owing to the intense radiant heat. Width of scene, about 4 m.
Video of lava flows
Same flow as in upper video, but a little farther upstream. Grass burns along the side of the stream. Width of view, 4-5 m.
Same flow as in upper video, but a little farther upstream. Grass burns along the side of the stream. Width of view, 4-5 m.
PubTalk 1/2003 — Exploring Mars
Recent Discoveries and Upcoming Missions
By Michael H. Carr, Planetary Geologist
Recent Discoveries and Upcoming Missions
By Michael H. Carr, Planetary Geologist
Lava runs from under crust along edge of inflating flow
Lava runs from under crust along edge of inflating flow. Flakes of crust, heated by the emerging lava, spall off and fall onto surface of lava. Width of view, about 75 cm.
Lava runs from under crust along edge of inflating flow. Flakes of crust, heated by the emerging lava, spall off and fall onto surface of lava. Width of view, about 75 cm.
Lava tear
Tear begins to develop in crust on stage-left side of flow. Lava eventually pours from tear. Stream is 0.75-1 m wide.
Tear begins to develop in crust on stage-left side of flow. Lava eventually pours from tear. Stream is 0.75-1 m wide.
Rushing toe of lava
Rushing toe of lava that has just broken out from front of one active lobe of flow on coastal flat seaward of Paliuli. Toe is about 50 cm wide. Note how crust is "scrunched" at bottom of minicascade, resulting in wrinkles. Other videos on this day show breakouts in same area. In all videos, wind noise may be bothersome.
Rushing toe of lava that has just broken out from front of one active lobe of flow on coastal flat seaward of Paliuli. Toe is about 50 cm wide. Note how crust is "scrunched" at bottom of minicascade, resulting in wrinkles. Other videos on this day show breakouts in same area. In all videos, wind noise may be bothersome.
Slow moving lava
Lava slowly rafts plate of crust downstream. Width of plate of crust, about 1 m.
Lava slowly rafts plate of crust downstream. Width of plate of crust, about 1 m.
Small gush of lava
Small gush is on crest of small divide and starts flowing down right side as well as left. Stream is about 1 m wide.
Small gush is on crest of small divide and starts flowing down right side as well as left. Stream is about 1 m wide.
Two streams break from under inflating flow
Two streams break from under inflating flow. Note how crust forms on closer stream and becomes wrinkled where lava runs into barrier. Each stream is about 3 m long.
Two streams break from under inflating flow. Note how crust forms on closer stream and becomes wrinkled where lava runs into barrier. Each stream is about 3 m long.
Wrinkling of thin crust
Video shows wrinkling of thin crust at bottom of gentle slope. Note the concave-upstream shape of the wrinkles. Stream is about 1 m wide.
Video shows wrinkling of thin crust at bottom of gentle slope. Note the concave-upstream shape of the wrinkles. Stream is about 1 m wide.