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A woman peers at a rock using a hand lens.
Examining rocks from the deep ocean
Examining rocks from the deep ocean
Examining rocks from the deep ocean

Amy Gartman, USGS Research Oceanographer and chief scientist for the Escanaba Trough expedition, examines a mineral sample with a hand lens aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson.

Amy Gartman, USGS Research Oceanographer and chief scientist for the Escanaba Trough expedition, examines a mineral sample with a hand lens aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson.

A man shines a small light on some rock samples.
Examining mineral samples
Examining mineral samples
Examining mineral samples

Tom Lorensen, USGS Physical Scientist, uses an ultraviolet light to examine mineral samples aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson.

Tom Lorensen, USGS Physical Scientist, uses an ultraviolet light to examine mineral samples aboard R/V Thomas G. Thompson.

Close-up photo of rocks that are orange in color with a thin middle section that is shiny metallic.
Iron-oxyhydroxide gossan
Iron-oxyhydroxide gossan
Iron-oxyhydroxide gossan

Iron-oxyhydroxide gossan, formed by weathering of massive sulfide. Dominantly porous orange goethite, with a compact darker to metallic layer of dense goethite.

Iron-oxyhydroxide gossan, formed by weathering of massive sulfide. Dominantly porous orange goethite, with a compact darker to metallic layer of dense goethite.

Photo of a shiny, wet-looking gray rock with yellowish coating in spots.
Pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide
Pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide
Pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide

Close-up of fine-grained pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide. The deep-sea sample was collected from the Escanaba Trough, in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.

Close-up of fine-grained pyrrhotite-rich massive sulfide. The deep-sea sample was collected from the Escanaba Trough, in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.

A cracked piece of rocky crist from the seafloor that reveals the differences between the outside of the crust and its inside
Hydrothermal chimney composed mostly of barite
Hydrothermal chimney composed mostly of barite
Hydrothermal chimney composed mostly of barite

Partially weathered hydrothermal chimney, composed mostly of barite (BaSO4). The white material is the outer weathered rind, where the disseminated sulfide minerals have been leached out by oxidation, leaving an orange iron oxide stain.

Partially weathered hydrothermal chimney, composed mostly of barite (BaSO4). The white material is the outer weathered rind, where the disseminated sulfide minerals have been leached out by oxidation, leaving an orange iron oxide stain.

Two metal mechanical arms each hold a piece of rock from the seafloor with the silty ocean bottom below it.
Remotely operated vehicle collects seafloor rock samples
Remotely operated vehicle collects seafloor rock samples
Remotely operated vehicle collects seafloor rock samples

Two hands are better than one! The versatile, ambidextrous ROV (remotely operated vehicle) Jason collects two mineral samples from the seafloor at Escanaba Trough. Jason's sample collection tubes are visible off to the left.

Two hands are better than one! The versatile, ambidextrous ROV (remotely operated vehicle) Jason collects two mineral samples from the seafloor at Escanaba Trough. Jason's sample collection tubes are visible off to the left.

Videos

Ferromanganese Nodules—2021 North Atlantic Stepping Stones Expedition
Ferromanganese Nodules—2021 North Atlantic Stepping Stones Expedition
Ferromanganese Nodules—2021 North Atlantic Stepping Stones Expedition

During a recent dive on the New England Seamount chain off the North Atlantic coast, researchers aboard the NOAA Ocean Exploration Expedition, North Atlantic Stepping Stones, discovered a marine geological feature known as a ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) nodule field in the saddle between two peaks of Gosnold Seamount.

During a recent dive on the New England Seamount chain off the North Atlantic coast, researchers aboard the NOAA Ocean Exploration Expedition, North Atlantic Stepping Stones, discovered a marine geological feature known as a ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) nodule field in the saddle between two peaks of Gosnold Seamount.

SeaBOSS off Nantucket, MA
SeaBOSS off Nantucket, MA
SeaBOSS off Nantucket, MA

SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SeaBOSS) operations were conducted north of Nantucket, MA as part of an agreement with Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of Massachusetts waters .

SEABed Observation and Sampling System (SeaBOSS) operations were conducted north of Nantucket, MA as part of an agreement with Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of Massachusetts waters .

SeaBOSS Deck Work Outtake
SeaBOSS Deck Work Outtake
SeaBOSS Deck Work Outtake

SeaBOSS operations were conducted north of Nantucket, MA as part of an agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of MA waters.

SeaBOSS operations were conducted north of Nantucket, MA as part of an agreement with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management to map the geology of MA waters.

Hatching an Engineer
Hatching an Engineer
Hatching an Engineer

What does it take to become an ocean engineer? Here is the path that USGS Gerry Hatcher took.