Surface Water
Surface Water
The world's surface-water resources—the water in rivers, lakes, and ice and snow—are vitally important to the everyday life of not only people, but to all life on, in, and above the Earth. And, of course, surface water is an intricate part of the water cycle, on which all life depends.
All Surface Water Science Topics
All Surface Water Science Topics
View a list of all of our science topics about surface water.
Surface Water and the Water Cycle
Surface Water and the Water Cycle
The various forms of surface water are integral parts of the natural water cycle.
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Downloadable Products
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) offers you the most comprehensive information about the natural water cycle anywhere, and, our information is available in many languages. Here you can download our water cycle diagrams as well as other educational products to assist you in the classroom or on your own learning adventure!
Surface Water Questions & Answers
Our planet is covered in water. We see it in our oceans and on land we see it in our lakes and rivers. The vast amount of water on the Earth's surface is in the oceans, and only a relatively small amount exists as fresh surface water on land. Yet, it is vitally important to all life on Earth. Here at the Water Science School we have the answers to your questions about surface water.
The Water Science School -- What We Offer
The U.S. Geological Survey's Water Science School Where anyone of any age can learn all about water.
Rain and Precipitation
Rain and snow are key elements in the Earth's water cycle, which is vital to all life on Earth. Rainfall is the main way that the water in the skies comes down to Earth, where it fills our lakes and rivers, recharges the underground aquifers, and provides drinks to plants and animals.
Water Science Photo Galleries
Learn about water using pictures
Water Q&A: Is measuring water in a well like measuring a stream?
Find out more about how the USGS measures groundwater levels.
Water Q&A: Does stage tell you how much water is flowing?
Learn how river "stage" relates to streamflow and discharge, and how the USGS calculates them.
Water Q&A: Floods
Water Questions & Answers - Floods This page offers some questions and answers about the hydrology of floods. This information is from the U.S. Geological Survey's MD-DE-DC Water Science Center website of frequently-asked questions about water.
Water Q&A: We had a "100-year flood" two years in a row! How can that be?
Learn what hydrologists mean when they say "100-year flood".
Water Q&A: Why are wetlands and aquatic habitats important?
Learn more about wetlands, which are transitional areas between permanently flooded areas and well-drained uplands, and one of the most productive habitats on earth.
Water Q&A: What does the term "river stage" mean?
Find out what hydrologists mean when they report a river's "stage" and why it matters.
Water Q&A: What water data does the USGS gather?
The USGS collects data about the country's water resources including the quantity and quality of water in our streams, rivers, groundwater, and more.