Allen M Shapiro, Ph.D.
Groundwater Flow and Chemical Transport in Fractured Rock and Karst Aquifers
Groundwater Vulnerability of Shallow Fractured Rock Aquifers
Biography
Dr. Allen Shapiro is a Senior Research Hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. He is a member of the Water Cycle Branch of the Earth System Processes Division in the Water Mission Area. Dr. Shapiro conducts research on groundwater flow and chemical transport in complex geologic environments, including fractured rock and karst aquifers. Dr. Shapiro’s research has focused on the development of field techniques and equipment, and coupled interpretations of geologic, geophysical, hydraulic, and geochemical information to characterize groundwater flow and chemical transport. Dr. Shapiro has described fundamental processes that are unique to fractured rock aquifers, including the effects of chemical diffusion between mobile water in fractures and immobile water in the intrinsic rock porosity. He has also investigated the effect of scale on the hydraulic and transport properties of fractured rock through carefully designed in situ testing and modeling investigations conducted over dimensions of meters to kilometers. Dr. Shapiro has been active in the characterization and remediation of contaminants in fractured rock, including contamination by Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids. Dr. Shapiro’s recent research focuses on the intermittent vulnerability of shallow fractured rock aquifers to contamination from pathogens or surface contaminants stemming from rapid infiltration following precipitation events.
Dr. Shapiro is a graduate of Princeton University with a Ph.D. in Civil and Geological Engineering. Prior to joining the USGS, Dr. Shapiro conducted hydrologic research at the Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm, Sweden) and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (Haifa, Israel). Dr. Shapiro has patented equipment for conducting hydraulic tests and collecting groundwater samples for geochemical analyses in fractured rock aquifers, and he has published numerous articles in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Shapiro has served as an Associate Editor of Journal of Hydrology and the journal Groundwater. Dr. Shapiro is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America and was selected by the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) as the Distinguished Darcy Lecturer, for which he lectured on his research, both nationally and internationally. Dr. Shapiro has also served on National Research Council and National Academy of Science panels that have produced extensive reports on key engineering and scientific issues facing the Nation.
Science and Products
Concentrations of chlorinated ethene compounds in rock core collected from boreholes 83BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey
These data sets present results from the analyses of chlorinated ethene compounds in samples of rock core collected from boreholes 84BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey.
Organic and total carbon analyses of rock core collected from boreholes 83BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the mudstone underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey
These data sets present results for analyses of the fraction of total and organic carbon in samples of rock core collected from boreholes 83BR, 84BR, 85BR, 86BR, 87BR, 88BR, and 89BR in the Lockatong Formation (mudstone) underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey.
A finite-difference algorithm used to simulate one-dimensional diffusion and adsorption of trichloroethene in a rock matrix
Simulations of one-dimensional (1-D) diffusion and adsorption of trichloroethene (TCE) in a
rock matrix are conducted using rock properties identified from a mudstone aquifer in the
Newark Basin, near West Trenton, New Jersey. The simulations are conducted using a
finite-difference algorithm that was prepared for this investigation to solve the equation
for 1-D...
MODFLOW-2005 and MT3DMS models used to design and evaluate a bioremediation experiment at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ
MODFLOW-2005 groundwater flow models and MT3DMS solute transport models were developed
to represent conditions in the vicinity of a bioremediation experiment conducted in fractured rocks
underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey. The groundwater flow
models include transient simulations of water-level changes during six field aquifer tests and...
Data from Mercury intrusion porosimetry conducted on samples of a mudstone underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ
This data set presents the results of conducting mercury intrusion porosimetry on core samples of the mudstone underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ. The core samples were selected from the continuous core collected from boreholes 83BR-89BR.
Biogeochemical analyses of water samples collected in the mudstone aquifer underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ (2008-2013)
These data sets present results from the analyses of groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and monitoring intervals in bedrock wells in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. The water samples were collected between 2008 and 2013 and were analyzed for field parameters, inorganic and organic constituents, and the abun
Lithologic characterization of cores from boreholes 83BR-89BR collected from the mudstone aquifer underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ
This data set presents the lithologic interpretation of rock cores from boreholes 83BR-89BR collected from the mudstone aquifer underlying the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. Continuous core from these boreholes was collected and visually interpreted to identify characteristics of the depositional environment of the mudstone. Three types of mudstone were identified:
Groundwater tracing experiments conducted in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, NJ (2007-2008)
This data set presents results from two groundwater tracing experiments conducted in the mudstone aquifer underlying the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. In each test, a bromide solution was introduced into a hydraulically isolated section of borehole 36BR (denoted as 36BR-A); the hydraulically isolated section of the borehole isolated specific bedding pla
The complex spatial distribution of trichloroethene and the probability of NAPL occurrence in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer
Methanol extractions for chloroethene analyses are conducted on rock samples from seven closely spaced coreholes in a mudstone aquifer that was subject to releases of the nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) form of trichloroethene (TCE) between the 1950's and 1990's. Although TCE concentration in the...
Shapiro, Allen M.; Goode, Daniel J.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas; Lorah, Michelle M.; Tiedeman, ClaireVariability of organic carbon content and the retention and release of trichloroethene in the rock matrix of a mudstone aquifer
Contaminants diffusing from fractures into the immobile porosity of the rock matrix are subject to prolonged residence times. Organic contaminants can adsorb onto organic carbonaceous materials in the matrix extending contaminant retention. An investigation of spatial variability of the fraction of organic carbon...
Shapiro, Allen M.; Brenneis, Rebecca J.Bioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations
Field characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved...
Tiedeman, Claire; Shapiro, Allen M.; Hsieh, Paul A.; Imbrigiotta, Thomas; Goode, Daniel J.; Lacombe, Pierre; DeFlaun, Mary F.; Drew, Scott R.; Johnson, Carole D.; Williams, John H.; Curtis, Gary P.Bioremediation in fractured rock: 2. Mobilization of chloroethene compounds from the rock matrix
A mass balance is formulated to evaluate the mobilization of chlorinated ethene compounds (CE) from the rock matrix of a fractured mudstone aquifer under pre- and postbioremediation conditions. The analysis relies on a sparse number of monitoring locations and is constrained by a detailed description of the groundwater flow regime. Groundwater...
Shapiro, Allen M.; Tiedeman, Claire; Imbrigiotta, Thomas; Goode, Daniel J.; Hsieh, Paul A.; Lacombe, Pierre; DeFlaun, Mary F.; Drew, Scott R.; Curtis, Gary P.Porosity and pore size distribution in a sedimentary rock: Implications for the distribution of chlorinated solvents
Characterizing properties of the rock matrix that control retention and release of chlorinated solvents is essential in evaluating the extent of contamination and the application of remediation technologies in fractured rock. Core samples from seven closely spaced boreholes in a mudstone subject to trichloroethene (TCE) contamination were analyzed...
Shapiro, Allen M.; Evans, Chrsitopher E.; Hayes, Erin C.Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography
Major challenges exist in delineating bedrock fracture zones because these cause abrupt changes in geological and hydrogeological properties over small distances. Borehole observations cannot sufficiently capture heterogeneity in these systems. Geophysical techniques offer the potential to image properties and processes in between boreholes. We...
Robinson, Judith; Slater, Lee; Johnson, Timothy B.; Shapiro, Allen M.; Tiedeman, Claire; Ntlargiannis, Dimitrios; Johnson, Carole D.; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lacombe, Pierre; Imbrigiotta, Thomas; Lane, John W.Interpretation of hydraulic conductivity in a fractured-rock aquifer over increasingly larger length dimensions
A comparison of the hydraulic conductivity over increasingly larger volumes of crystalline rock was conducted in the Piedmont physiographic region near Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Fluid-injection tests were conducted on intervals of boreholes isolating closely spaced fractures. Single-hole tests were conducted by pumping in open boreholes for...
Shapiro, Allen M.; Ladderud, Jeffery; Yager, Richard M.Integration of stable carbon isotope, microbial community, dissolved hydrogen gas, and 2HH2O tracer data to assess bioaugmentation for chlorinated ethene degradation in fractured rocks
An in situ bioaugmentation (BA) experiment was conducted to understand processes controlling microbial dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) in groundwater at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), West Trenton, NJ. In the BA experiment, an electron donor (emulsified vegetable oil and sodium lactate) and a chloro-respiring microbial consortium...
Révész, Kinga M.; Lollar, Barbara Sherwood; Kirshtein, Julie D.; Tiedeman, Claire; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.; Goode, Daniel J.; Shapiro, Allen M.; Voytek, Mary A.; Lancombe, Pierre J.; Busenberg, EurybiadesPhysical, chemical, and isotopic data from groundwater in the watershed of Mirror Lake, and in the vicinity of Hubbard Brook, near West Thornton, New Hampshire, 1983 to 1997
Research on the hydrogeologic setting of Mirror Lake near West Thornton, New Hampshire (43° 56.5’ N, 71° 41.5’ W), includes the study of the physical, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in the vicinity of the lake and nearby Hubbard Brook. Presented here are those physical, chemical, and isotopic data for the period 1983 to 1997...
LaBaugh, James W.; Harte, Philip T.; Shapiro, Allen M.; Hsieh, Paul A.; Johnson, Carole D.; Goode, Daniel J.; Wood, Warren W.; Buso, Donald C.; Likens, Gene E.; Winter, Thomas C.Advancing electrical geophysical characterization of DNAPL-contaminated fractured rock aquifers
No abstract available.
Robinson, Judith; Johnosn, Timothy; Slater, Lee; Ntarlagiannis, Dimitrios; Lacombe, Pierre; Day-Lewis, Frederick D.; Lane, John W.; Johnson, Carole D.; Shapiro, Allen M.; Tiedeman, Claire; Goode, Daniel J.The challenge of interpreting environmental tracer concentrations in fractured rock and carbonate aquifers
No abstract available.
Shapiro, Allen M.Effects of simplifying fracture network representation on inert chemical migration in fracture-controlled aquifers
[1] While it is widely recognized that highly permeable ‘large‐scale' fractures dominate chemical migration in many fractured aquifers, recent studies suggest that the pervasive ‘small‐scale’ fracturing once considered of less significance can be equally important for characterizing the spatial extent and residence time associated with...
Wellman, Tristan; Shapiro, Allen M.; Hill, Mary C.