Carole D. Johnson
Carole Johnson is a hydrologist with the Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch of the USGS Water Resources Mission Area Observing Systems Division. Carole serves as lead of the Technology Development and Transfer Team and is the manager of the Hydrogeophysics for Hydrologic Science Function, which promotes technology transfer of geophysical methods.
Carole provides leadership to USGS hydrologists nationally on development and application of hydrogeophysical methods to USGS groundwater studies through applied research, training, and policy development. Carole’s research interests include use of borehole- and surface-geophysical methods and hydraulic testing for characterization of fractured-rock aquifers. She has coauthored ~50 USGS publications on use of hydrogeophysical methods for aquifer characterization for water resources and contaminant investigations. An experienced trainer, Carole has taught numerous webinars and more than 20 hands-on workshops for scientists on geophysical field methods, data processing, and data analysis for groundwater investigations, including through USGS courses, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Groundwater Association Fractured Rock Conference workshops, Carole currently holds a professional geologists license in New Hampshire and classes for licensed environmental professionals in New Jersey and around New England.
Education and Certifications
Carole currently holds a professional geologist’s license in New Hampshire.
Science and Products
Geophysical Data Collected in the Cedar River Floodplain, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2015-2017
Temperature and seepage data from a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier, Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA, 2004-2015.
Transient Electromagnetic Surveys Collected for Delineation of Saline Groundwater in the Genesee Valley New York: October-November 2016
Raw Data from Continuous Resistivity Profiles Collected May 24-25, and July 28, 2011 in Biscayne Bay and a Cooling Canal System, Miami-Dade County, Florida
Geophysical assessment of a proposed landfill site in Fredericktown, Missouri
Remembering F. Peter Haeni - "What did we learn from this?"
Application of a towed time-domain electromagnetic (tTEM) imaging system in Jamestown, North Dakota
Use of a towed electromagnetic induction (tTem) system for shallow aquifer characterization – An example from the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
Time-domain electromagnetic soundings for the delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley, Western New York, 2016-2017
Evaluating long-term patterns of decreasing groundwater discharge through a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier
Hydraulic tomography: 3D hydraulic conductivity and fracture network connectivity in a contaminated mudstone aquifer
Bioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations
Statistical comparison of methods for estimating sediment thickness from Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) seismic methods: An example from Tylerville, Connecticut, USA
Application of frequency- and time-domain electromagnetic surveys to characterize hydrostratigraphy and landfill construction at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Beatty, Nevada
Characterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated crystalline-rock aquifer in the Tylerville section of Haddam, Connecticut
Imaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography
Science and Products
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Geophysical Data Collected in the Cedar River Floodplain, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2015-2017
A suite of geophysical methods was used along the Cedar River in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to support the hydrogeologic characterization of the alluvial aquifer associated with the river and to assess the area for suitability for larger-scale airborne geophysics. The aquifer is comprised of sand and gravel, interbedded with finer sediments, and underlain by carbonate-dominated bedrock. The aquifer is theTemperature and seepage data from a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier, Ashumet Pond, Falmouth, MA, 2004-2015.
These data were collected to evaluate groundwater/surface-water exchange in the area of a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier and to assess changes in groundwater seepage over the period between 2004 and 2015. This data release includes geospatial datasets, comma separated values (.csv) files, and associated FGDC-compliant metadata representing data collected between 2004 and 2015 as part of aTransient Electromagnetic Surveys Collected for Delineation of Saline Groundwater in the Genesee Valley New York: October-November 2016
In late October and early November 2016, transient electromagnetic (TEM) data were acquired at two locations in Livingston County, in western New York, in order to characterize the subsurface resistivity structure in support of a U.S. Geological Survey groundwater investigation. The TEM data were collected as part of a pilot project to evaluate geophysical methods to characterize the valley-fill sRaw Data from Continuous Resistivity Profiles Collected May 24-25, and July 28, 2011 in Biscayne Bay and a Cooling Canal System, Miami-Dade County, Florida
The salinity of groundwater at the Florida Power & Light Company (FPL) Turkey Point Nuclear Plant in southeastern Florida is being evaluated. The power plant contains a large cooling canal system with warm water; which has salinities elevated above typical, natural surface water in southeastern Florida, circulating within the canals in the uppermost part the highly permeable karst carbonate Biscay - Publications
Filter Total Items: 51
Geophysical assessment of a proposed landfill site in Fredericktown, Missouri
In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. The geophysical investigation included electromagnetic induction, electrical resistivity tomography, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio passAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Dale D. Werkema, Neil Terry, Stephanie N. Phillips, Robert Ford, John W. LaneRemembering F. Peter Haeni - "What did we learn from this?"
Frederick Peter (‘Pete’) Haeni grew up on Long Island, New York, where he developed a lifelong love of the water —–a love that continued with his family in Deep River, Connecticut, and at their Eagle Island cottage in Maine. Pete was always at home on the water — whether sailing, motor boating, or collecting geophysical data. We remember Pete for a life well-lived and specifically for his contribuAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, John W. LaneApplication of a towed time-domain electromagnetic (tTEM) imaging system in Jamestown, North Dakota
Time-Domain Electromagnetic (EM) methods have been used for decades in support of groundwater investigations. A new towed Time-Domain EM system called “tTEM”, designed by Aarhus University, is being tested and evaluated under a collaborative research agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The tTEM system is rapid and efficient, providing high-resolution, nearly continuous profiles of suAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Joshua Valder, Eric A. White, Pradip Kumar Maurya, David Hisz, John W. LaneUse of a towed electromagnetic induction (tTem) system for shallow aquifer characterization – An example from the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) aquifer system is a vital resource that supports agriculture in one of the most productive regions of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program (WAUSP) is conducting a multi-discipline investigation of the MAP aquifer system. The investigation is utilizing borehole, surface, and airborne geophysical methods to improve thAuthorsEric A. White, Carole D. Johnson, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Wade Kress, David B. Kelly, John W. LaneTime-domain electromagnetic soundings for the delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley, Western New York, 2016-2017
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, is investigating the distribution of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine (fig. 1). As part of this study, paired time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) seismic soundings were made at 39 locatioAuthorsJohn H. Williams, William M. Kappel, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Paul M. Heisig, J. W. LaneEvaluating long-term patterns of decreasing groundwater discharge through a lake-bottom permeable reactive barrier
Identifying and quantifying groundwater exchange is critical when considering contaminant fate and transport at the groundwater/surface-water interface. In this paper, areally distributed temperature and point seepage measurements are used to efficiently assess spatial and temporal groundwater discharge patterns through a glacial-kettle lakebed area containing a zero-valent iron permeable reactiveAuthorsTimothy D. McCobb, Martin A. Briggs, Denis R. LeBlanc, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Carole D. JohnsonHydraulic tomography: 3D hydraulic conductivity and fracture network connectivity in a contaminated mudstone aquifer
No abstract available.AuthorsWarren Barrash, Claire R. Tiedeman, Colby Thrash, Jeremy Patterson, Carole D. JohnsonBioremediation in fractured rock: 1. Modeling to inform design, monitoring, and expectations
Field characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved critical for designing bioremediation of the source arAuthorsClaire R. Tiedeman, Allen M. Shapiro, Paul A. Hsieh, Thomas E. Imbrigiotta, Daniel J. Goode, Pierre Lacombe, Mary F. DeFlaun, Scott R. Drew, Carole D. Johnson, John H. Williams, Gary P. CurtisStatistical comparison of methods for estimating sediment thickness from Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) seismic methods: An example from Tylerville, Connecticut, USA
Determining sediment thickness and delineating bedrock topography are important for assessing groundwater availability and characterizing contamination sites. In recent years, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) seismic method has emerged as a non-invasive, cost-effective approach for estimating the thickness of unconsolidated sediments above bedrock. Using a three-component seismometAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, John W. LaneApplication of frequency- and time-domain electromagnetic surveys to characterize hydrostratigraphy and landfill construction at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Beatty, Nevada
In 2014 and 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS), approximately 17 kilometers (km) south of Beatty, Nevada. The FDEM surveys were conducted within and adjacent to a closed low-level radioactive waste disposal site located at the ADRS. FDEM surveys were conducted on a grid of north-south aAuthorsEric A. White, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Carole D. Johnson, John W. LaneCharacterization of fractures and flow zones in a contaminated crystalline-rock aquifer in the Tylerville section of Haddam, Connecticut
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, investigated the characteristics of the bedrock aquifer in the Tylerville section of Haddam, Connecticut, from June to August 2014. As part of this investigation, geophysical logs were collected from six water-supply wells and were analyzed to (1) identify well construction, (2) deterAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Kristal F. Kiel, Peter K. Joesten, Katherine L. PappasImaging pathways in fractured rock using three-dimensional electrical resistivity tomography
Major challenges exist in delineating bedrock fracture zones because these cause abrupt changes in geological and hydrogeological properties over small distances. Borehole observations cannot sufficiently capture heterogeneity in these systems. Geophysical techniques offer the potential to image properties and processes in between boreholes. We used three-dimensional cross borehole electrical resiAuthorsJudith Robinson, Lee Slater, Timothy B. Johnson, Allen M. Shapiro, Claire R. Tiedeman, Dimitrios Ntlargiannis, Carole D. Johnson, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Pierre Lacombe, Thomas E. Imbrigiotta, John W. Lane - Software