Eric A White
Eric A. White is a Hydrologist in the Hydrologic Remote Sensing Branch of the USGS Water Mission Area. Eric provides support to USGS hydrologists nationally on development and application of hydrogeophysical methods to groundwater studies, with a focus on surface, waterborne, and sUAS methods.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 26
Floating Transient Electromagnetic Survey Data from the Columbia River near Hanford, WA
This data release contains motorboat-towed floating transient electromagnetic data collected from the Columbia River near Hanford WA. Data were collected using a ~16 foot (4.9 meters) outboard motorboat during two field campaigns: July 2021 and April 2022. In total, several hundred linear kilometers of data were collected from a reach of the Columbia that extends from approximately Vernita Bridge
Sediment Volume and Bedrock of the Similkameen River Above Enloe Dam Near Oroville, Washington
This data release contains 3-meter gridded rasters of depth to bedrock below bathymetric surface, the thickness of unconsolidated sediment, and the volume of unconsolidated sediment within a 2.6-km reach of the Similkameen River, Okanogan County, Washington, impounded by Enloe Dam. These rasters were calculated from continuous resistivity profiles (CRP) surveyed using a SuperSting R8 8-channel res
Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) in the Similkameen River above Enloe Dam, Okanogan County, Washington
A continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) survey was conducted in a 1.2-mile reach of the Similkameen River upstream of Enloe Dam in December 2021 in Washington State. The survey was performed to characterize the resistivity of the water column and subbottom materials using the CRP method. The survey consisted of eight longitudinal profiles roughly equivalent in length and conducted in the right, l
Floating and Towed Transient Electromagnetic Surveys used to Characterize Hydrogeology underlying Rivers and Estuaries: March - December 2018
Surface and water-borne geophysical methods can provide information for the characterization of the subsurface structure of the earth for aquifer investigations. Floating and towed transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM and tTEM) surveys provide resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. In the TEM method, a primary electrical current is cycled through
Floating Electromagnetic Surveys from the Lower Delaware River Basin
Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods provide information about the bulk electrical conductivity of the subsurface. EM data has been widely used to investigate aquifers and geologic structures. In the following study, the United States Geological Survey conducted a boat-towed, waterborne transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM) survey to examine conductivity within the subsurface of the main Delawar
Passive Seismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Measurements at Transportation Infrastructure Sites in New Hampshire, 2022
In 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) made 107 horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic geophysical measurements at four transportation infrastructure sites in New Hampshire to determine the benefits of HVSR as an enhancement to traditional geotechnical site characterizations performed by NHDOT. Typ
Geophysical and Other Data From an Irrigation Monitoring Experiment at Haddam Meadows, CT, July 2019
An irrigation monitoring experiment was performed in Haddam Meadows State Park, Connecticut, on July 16, 2019. Prior to this experiment, ground penetrating radar (GPR), frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical data were collected over a 20 meter by 10-meter grid to provide baseline information. A vertical soil moisture probe was installed in
Passive seismic data collected along headwater stream corridors in Shenandoah National Park in 2016 - 2020
In July 2016, July 2019, and March 2020, 318 seismic recordings were acquired at locations within Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, using MOHO Tromino Model TEP-3C three-component seismometers to assess depth to bedrock using the HVSR method. This method requires a measurement of estimate of shear wave velocity, which depends on the regolith sediment composition and density, for the conversion o
Time-domain electromagnetic soundings to delineate saline groundwater in the Genesee valley-fill aquifer system, New York (2016-2017)
In October and November 2016-2017, transient electromagnetic (TEM) data, also called time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys, were acquired at 120 locations in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York, in order to characterize the subsurface resistivity structure in support of a U.S. Geological Survey groundwater investigation. The TEM data were collected as part of a project to evaluate
Geophysical Data Collected in the Des Moines River, Beaver Creek, and the Des Moines River Floodplain, Des Moines, Iowa, 2018
A suite of geophysical methods was used along the Des Moines River, Beaver Creek, and in the Des Moines River floodplain in Des Moines, Iowa to support the hydrogeologic characterization of the alluvial aquifer associated with the river. The aquifer consists of sands and gravels underlain by weathered shale bedrock. Groundwater from the aquifer along with surface water sources are used for municip
Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio and Depth-to-Bedrock Data for Saline-Groundwater Investigation in the Genesee Valley, New York, October-November 2016 and 2017
In October and November of 2016 and 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey collected horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) data at 104 sites in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York as part of a saline-groundwater investigation in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Resources. The HVSR technique, commonly referred to as the passive-seismic method, is used to
Surface geophysical data for characterizing shallow, discontinuous frozen ground near Fort Yukon, Alaska
The distribution of permafrost in cold regions is subject to temporal and spatial changes influenced by climate, landscape disturbance, and ecosystem succession. Remote sensing from airborne and satellite platforms is increasing our understanding of landscape-scale permafrost distribution, but typically lacks the resolution to characterize finer-scale processes and phenomena, which are often bette
Filter Total Items: 19
Conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer system with simulation of drought stress on groundwater availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013
Between July 2011 and February 2013, the City of Cedar Rapids observed water level declines in their horizontal collector wells approaching 11 meters. As a result, pumping from these production wells had to be halted, and questions were raised about the reliability of the alluvial aquifer under future drought conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, com
Authors
Adel E. Haj, Wonsook S. Ha, Lance R. Gruhn, Emilia L. Bristow, Amy M. Gahala, Joshua F. Valder, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Shelby P. Sterner
Time-domain electromagnetic soundings and passive-seismic measurements for delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee Valley-fill aquifer system, western New York, 2016–17
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, used noninvasive surface geophysics in the investigation of the distribution of saline groundwater in the valley-fill aquifer system of the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine in western New York. In 1994, the Retsof salt mine, the largest of its kind in the western hemisp
Authors
John H. Williams, William M. Kappel, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Paul M. Heisig, John W. Lane
Characterizing the diverse hydrogeology underlying rivers and estuaries using new floating transient electromagnetic methodology
The hydrogeology below large surface water features such as rivers and estuaries is universally under-informed at the long reach to basin scales (tens of km+). This challenge inhibits the accurate modeling of fresh/saline groundwater interfaces and groundwater/surface water exchange patterns at management-relevant spatial extents. Here we introduce a towed, floating transient electromagnetic (TEM)
Authors
John W. Lane, Martin A. Briggs, PK Maurya, Eric A. White, JB Pedersen, Esben Auken, Neil Terry, Burke J. Minsley, Wade Kress, Denis R. LeBlanc, Ryan F. Adams, Carole D. Johnson
Geophysical assessment of a proposed landfill site in Fredericktown, Missouri
In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. The geophysical investigation included electromagnetic induction, electrical resistivity tomography, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio pass
Authors
Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Dale D. Werkema, Neil Terry, Stephanie N. Phillips, Robert Ford, John W. Lane
Application of a towed time-domain electromagnetic (tTEM) imaging system in Jamestown, North Dakota
Time-Domain Electromagnetic (EM) methods have been used for decades in support of groundwater investigations. A new towed Time-Domain EM system called “tTEM”, designed by Aarhus University, is being tested and evaluated under a collaborative research agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The tTEM system is rapid and efficient, providing high-resolution, nearly continuous profiles of su
Authors
Carole D. Johnson, Joshua Valder, Eric A. White, Pradip Kumar Maurya, David Hisz, John W. Lane
Use of a towed electromagnetic induction (tTem) system for shallow aquifer characterization – An example from the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) aquifer system is a vital resource that supports agriculture in one of the most productive regions of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program (WAUSP) is conducting a multi-discipline investigation of the MAP aquifer system. The investigation is utilizing borehole, surface, and airborne geophysical methods to improve th
Authors
Eric A. White, Carole D. Johnson, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Wade Kress, David B. Kelly, John W. Lane
Time-domain electromagnetic soundings for the delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley, Western New York, 2016-2017
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, is investigating the distribution of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine (fig. 1). As part of this study, paired time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) seismic soundings were made at 39 locatio
Authors
John H. Williams, William M. Kappel, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Paul M. Heisig, J. W. Lane
Shallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia
Groundwater/surface-water exchanges in streams are inexorably linked to adjacent aquifer dynamics. As surface-water temperatures continue to increase with climate warming, refugia created by groundwater connectivity is expected to enable cold water fish species to survive. The shallow alluvial aquifers that source groundwater seepage to headwater streams, however, may also be sensitive to seasonal
Authors
Martin A. Briggs, John W. Lane, Craig D. Snyder, Eric A. White, Zachary Johnson, David L. Nelms, Nathaniel P. Hitt
Application of frequency- and time-domain electromagnetic surveys to characterize hydrostratigraphy and landfill construction at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Beatty, Nevada
In 2014 and 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS), approximately 17 kilometers (km) south of Beatty, Nevada. The FDEM surveys were conducted within and adjacent to a closed low-level radioactive waste disposal site located at the ADRS. FDEM surveys were conducted on a grid of north-south a
Authors
Eric A. White, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Carole D. Johnson, John W. Lane
Statistical analysis of lake levels and field study of groundwater and surface-water exchanges in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 2002 through 2015: Chapter A of Water levels and groundwater and surface-water exchanges in lakes
Water levels declined from 2003 to 2011 in many lakes in Ramsey and Washington Counties in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota; however, water levels in other northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes increased during the same period. Groundwater and surface-water exchanges can be important in determining lake levels where these exchanges are an important component of the wa
Authors
Perry M. Jones, Jared J. Trost, Aliesha L. Diekoff, Donald O. Rosenberry, Eric A. White, Melinda L. Erickson, Daniel L. Morel, Jessica M. Heck
Use of electromagnetic induction methods to monitor remediation at the University of Connecticut landfill: 2004–2011
Time‐lapse geophysical surveys using frequency‐domain electromagnetics (FDEM) can indirectly measure time‐varying hydrologic parameters such as fluid saturation or solute concentration. Monitoring of these processes provides insight into aquifer properties and the effectiveness of constructed controls (such as leachate interceptor trenches), as well as aquifer responses to natural or induced stres
Authors
Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Peter K. Joesten
Combined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA
A frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) survey can be used to select locations for the more quantitative and labor-intensive electrical resistivity surveys. The FDEM survey rapidly characterized the groundwater-flow directions and configured the saline plumes caused by evaporation from several groundwater-dominated lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. The FDEM instrument was mounted on a fiber
Authors
John B. Ong, John W. Lane, Vitaly A. Zlotnik, Todd Halihan, Eric A. White
Science and Products
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Filter Total Items: 26
Floating Transient Electromagnetic Survey Data from the Columbia River near Hanford, WA
This data release contains motorboat-towed floating transient electromagnetic data collected from the Columbia River near Hanford WA. Data were collected using a ~16 foot (4.9 meters) outboard motorboat during two field campaigns: July 2021 and April 2022. In total, several hundred linear kilometers of data were collected from a reach of the Columbia that extends from approximately Vernita BridgeSediment Volume and Bedrock of the Similkameen River Above Enloe Dam Near Oroville, Washington
This data release contains 3-meter gridded rasters of depth to bedrock below bathymetric surface, the thickness of unconsolidated sediment, and the volume of unconsolidated sediment within a 2.6-km reach of the Similkameen River, Okanogan County, Washington, impounded by Enloe Dam. These rasters were calculated from continuous resistivity profiles (CRP) surveyed using a SuperSting R8 8-channel resContinuous resistivity profiling (CRP) in the Similkameen River above Enloe Dam, Okanogan County, Washington
A continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) survey was conducted in a 1.2-mile reach of the Similkameen River upstream of Enloe Dam in December 2021 in Washington State. The survey was performed to characterize the resistivity of the water column and subbottom materials using the CRP method. The survey consisted of eight longitudinal profiles roughly equivalent in length and conducted in the right, lFloating and Towed Transient Electromagnetic Surveys used to Characterize Hydrogeology underlying Rivers and Estuaries: March - December 2018
Surface and water-borne geophysical methods can provide information for the characterization of the subsurface structure of the earth for aquifer investigations. Floating and towed transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM and tTEM) surveys provide resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. In the TEM method, a primary electrical current is cycled throughFloating Electromagnetic Surveys from the Lower Delaware River Basin
Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods provide information about the bulk electrical conductivity of the subsurface. EM data has been widely used to investigate aquifers and geologic structures. In the following study, the United States Geological Survey conducted a boat-towed, waterborne transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM) survey to examine conductivity within the subsurface of the main DelawarPassive Seismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Measurements at Transportation Infrastructure Sites in New Hampshire, 2022
In 2022, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT) made 107 horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) passive seismic geophysical measurements at four transportation infrastructure sites in New Hampshire to determine the benefits of HVSR as an enhancement to traditional geotechnical site characterizations performed by NHDOT. TypGeophysical and Other Data From an Irrigation Monitoring Experiment at Haddam Meadows, CT, July 2019
An irrigation monitoring experiment was performed in Haddam Meadows State Park, Connecticut, on July 16, 2019. Prior to this experiment, ground penetrating radar (GPR), frequency domain electromagnetics (FDEM), and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical data were collected over a 20 meter by 10-meter grid to provide baseline information. A vertical soil moisture probe was installed inPassive seismic data collected along headwater stream corridors in Shenandoah National Park in 2016 - 2020
In July 2016, July 2019, and March 2020, 318 seismic recordings were acquired at locations within Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, using MOHO Tromino Model TEP-3C three-component seismometers to assess depth to bedrock using the HVSR method. This method requires a measurement of estimate of shear wave velocity, which depends on the regolith sediment composition and density, for the conversion oTime-domain electromagnetic soundings to delineate saline groundwater in the Genesee valley-fill aquifer system, New York (2016-2017)
In October and November 2016-2017, transient electromagnetic (TEM) data, also called time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys, were acquired at 120 locations in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York, in order to characterize the subsurface resistivity structure in support of a U.S. Geological Survey groundwater investigation. The TEM data were collected as part of a project to evaluateGeophysical Data Collected in the Des Moines River, Beaver Creek, and the Des Moines River Floodplain, Des Moines, Iowa, 2018
A suite of geophysical methods was used along the Des Moines River, Beaver Creek, and in the Des Moines River floodplain in Des Moines, Iowa to support the hydrogeologic characterization of the alluvial aquifer associated with the river. The aquifer consists of sands and gravels underlain by weathered shale bedrock. Groundwater from the aquifer along with surface water sources are used for municipHorizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio and Depth-to-Bedrock Data for Saline-Groundwater Investigation in the Genesee Valley, New York, October-November 2016 and 2017
In October and November of 2016 and 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey collected horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) data at 104 sites in the Genesee Valley, Livingston County, New York as part of a saline-groundwater investigation in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Resources. The HVSR technique, commonly referred to as the passive-seismic method, is used toSurface geophysical data for characterizing shallow, discontinuous frozen ground near Fort Yukon, Alaska
The distribution of permafrost in cold regions is subject to temporal and spatial changes influenced by climate, landscape disturbance, and ecosystem succession. Remote sensing from airborne and satellite platforms is increasing our understanding of landscape-scale permafrost distribution, but typically lacks the resolution to characterize finer-scale processes and phenomena, which are often bette - Publications
Filter Total Items: 19
Conceptual and numerical groundwater flow model of the Cedar River alluvial aquifer system with simulation of drought stress on groundwater availability near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 2011 through 2013
Between July 2011 and February 2013, the City of Cedar Rapids observed water level declines in their horizontal collector wells approaching 11 meters. As a result, pumping from these production wells had to be halted, and questions were raised about the reliability of the alluvial aquifer under future drought conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids, comAuthorsAdel E. Haj, Wonsook S. Ha, Lance R. Gruhn, Emilia L. Bristow, Amy M. Gahala, Joshua F. Valder, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Shelby P. SternerTime-domain electromagnetic soundings and passive-seismic measurements for delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee Valley-fill aquifer system, western New York, 2016–17
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, used noninvasive surface geophysics in the investigation of the distribution of saline groundwater in the valley-fill aquifer system of the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine in western New York. In 1994, the Retsof salt mine, the largest of its kind in the western hemispAuthorsJohn H. Williams, William M. Kappel, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Paul M. Heisig, John W. LaneCharacterizing the diverse hydrogeology underlying rivers and estuaries using new floating transient electromagnetic methodology
The hydrogeology below large surface water features such as rivers and estuaries is universally under-informed at the long reach to basin scales (tens of km+). This challenge inhibits the accurate modeling of fresh/saline groundwater interfaces and groundwater/surface water exchange patterns at management-relevant spatial extents. Here we introduce a towed, floating transient electromagnetic (TEM)AuthorsJohn W. Lane, Martin A. Briggs, PK Maurya, Eric A. White, JB Pedersen, Esben Auken, Neil Terry, Burke J. Minsley, Wade Kress, Denis R. LeBlanc, Ryan F. Adams, Carole D. JohnsonGeophysical assessment of a proposed landfill site in Fredericktown, Missouri
In June 2018, U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) collected geophysical measurements to help evaluate the suitability of a proposed landfill site for disposing mine-waste materials in Fredericktown, MO. The geophysical investigation included electromagnetic induction, electrical resistivity tomography, horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio passAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Dale D. Werkema, Neil Terry, Stephanie N. Phillips, Robert Ford, John W. LaneApplication of a towed time-domain electromagnetic (tTEM) imaging system in Jamestown, North Dakota
Time-Domain Electromagnetic (EM) methods have been used for decades in support of groundwater investigations. A new towed Time-Domain EM system called “tTEM”, designed by Aarhus University, is being tested and evaluated under a collaborative research agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The tTEM system is rapid and efficient, providing high-resolution, nearly continuous profiles of suAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Joshua Valder, Eric A. White, Pradip Kumar Maurya, David Hisz, John W. LaneUse of a towed electromagnetic induction (tTem) system for shallow aquifer characterization – An example from the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
The Mississippi Alluvial Plain (MAP) aquifer system is a vital resource that supports agriculture in one of the most productive regions of the country. The U.S. Geological Survey Water Availability and Use Science Program (WAUSP) is conducting a multi-discipline investigation of the MAP aquifer system. The investigation is utilizing borehole, surface, and airborne geophysical methods to improve thAuthorsEric A. White, Carole D. Johnson, Pradip Kumar Maurya, Wade Kress, David B. Kelly, John W. LaneTime-domain electromagnetic soundings for the delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley, Western New York, 2016-2017
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, is investigating the distribution of saline groundwater in the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine (fig. 1). As part of this study, paired time-domain electromagnetic (TEM) soundings and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) seismic soundings were made at 39 locatioAuthorsJohn H. Williams, William M. Kappel, Carole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Paul M. Heisig, J. W. LaneShallow bedrock limits groundwater seepage-based headwater climate refugia
Groundwater/surface-water exchanges in streams are inexorably linked to adjacent aquifer dynamics. As surface-water temperatures continue to increase with climate warming, refugia created by groundwater connectivity is expected to enable cold water fish species to survive. The shallow alluvial aquifers that source groundwater seepage to headwater streams, however, may also be sensitive to seasonalAuthorsMartin A. Briggs, John W. Lane, Craig D. Snyder, Eric A. White, Zachary Johnson, David L. Nelms, Nathaniel P. HittApplication of frequency- and time-domain electromagnetic surveys to characterize hydrostratigraphy and landfill construction at the Amargosa Desert Research Site, Beatty, Nevada
In 2014 and 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) surveys at the USGS Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS), approximately 17 kilometers (km) south of Beatty, Nevada. The FDEM surveys were conducted within and adjacent to a closed low-level radioactive waste disposal site located at the ADRS. FDEM surveys were conducted on a grid of north-south aAuthorsEric A. White, Frederick D. Day-Lewis, Carole D. Johnson, John W. LaneStatistical analysis of lake levels and field study of groundwater and surface-water exchanges in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, 2002 through 2015: Chapter A of Water levels and groundwater and surface-water exchanges in lakes
Water levels declined from 2003 to 2011 in many lakes in Ramsey and Washington Counties in the northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota; however, water levels in other northeast Twin Cities Metropolitan Area lakes increased during the same period. Groundwater and surface-water exchanges can be important in determining lake levels where these exchanges are an important component of the waAuthorsPerry M. Jones, Jared J. Trost, Aliesha L. Diekoff, Donald O. Rosenberry, Eric A. White, Melinda L. Erickson, Daniel L. Morel, Jessica M. HeckUse of electromagnetic induction methods to monitor remediation at the University of Connecticut landfill: 2004–2011
Time‐lapse geophysical surveys using frequency‐domain electromagnetics (FDEM) can indirectly measure time‐varying hydrologic parameters such as fluid saturation or solute concentration. Monitoring of these processes provides insight into aquifer properties and the effectiveness of constructed controls (such as leachate interceptor trenches), as well as aquifer responses to natural or induced stresAuthorsCarole D. Johnson, Eric A. White, Peter K. JoestenCombined use of frequency-domain electromagnetic and electrical resistivity surveys to delineate near-lake groundwater flow in the semi-arid Nebraska Sand Hills, USA
A frequency-domain electromagnetic (FDEM) survey can be used to select locations for the more quantitative and labor-intensive electrical resistivity surveys. The FDEM survey rapidly characterized the groundwater-flow directions and configured the saline plumes caused by evaporation from several groundwater-dominated lakes in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA. The FDEM instrument was mounted on a fiberAuthorsJohn B. Ong, John W. Lane, Vitaly A. Zlotnik, Todd Halihan, Eric A. White