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James Cloern

James (Jim) Cloern is a senior scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Mission Area in Menlo Park, California.

James (Jim) Cloern is a senior scientist emeritus at the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California. His research over four decades addresses comparative ecology and biogeochemistry of estuaries to understand how they respond as ecosystems to climatic-hydrologic variability and human disturbance. His team investigation of San Francisco Bay included studies of primary production, nutrient cycling, algal and zooplankton community dynamics, ecosystem metabolism and food web dynamics, disturbance by introduced species, ecosystem restoration, and past and projected future responses to a changing climate. His career achievements have been recognized with selection as Fellows of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) and Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO), and as recipient of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution B.H. Ketchum Award, Delta Science Program Brown-Nichols Achievement Award, ASLO Ruth Patrick Award, Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation Odum Lifetime Achievement Award, and Department of Interior's Distinguished Service Award. He is currently an Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California, a member of the Delta Stewardship Council's Independent Science Board, and editor-in-chief of Limnology and Oceanography Letters.

Science and Products

link
Map showing current San Francisco Bay-Delta water quality sampling station locations.

Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
link

Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
Learn More
link
Scientist sample for clams aboard the R/V Polaris in North San Francisco Bay.

Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
By
Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
link

Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
Learn More
link
R/V David H. Peterson at the Redwood City dock.

Research Vessel David H. Peterson

The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
By
Water Resources Mission Area
link

Research Vessel David H. Peterson

The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
Learn More
link
R/V David H. Peterson at the Redwood City dock.

Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project

Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
By
Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
link

Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project

Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
Learn More

Stable isotope analysis of San Francisco Bay-Delta primary producers (1990-2000)

This dataset is a compilation of multiple studies over different periods and in many environments as described below. These data were collected to measure temporal fluctuations in plant isotopic composition associated with seasonal cycles of growth and environmental variability. In 1990, 1992, and 1998-2000, a total of 868 samples were collected and analyzed to determine carbon and nitrogen mass a
By
Water Resources Mission Area

USGS Measurements of Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (CA), 2016-2021 (ver. 4.0, March 2023)

The U.S. Geological Survey maintains a program of water-quality studies in San Francisco Bay (CA) that began in 1969. This U.S.G.S. Data Release is a continuation of the previously published 1969-2015 dataset (Cloern and Schraga, 2016; Schraga and Cloern, 2017), it will archive and make available all measurements from 2016 and thereafter. Each year, a data file containing the previous years data w
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Phytoplankton Species Composition, Abundance and Cell Size in San Francisco Bay: Microscopic Analyses of USGS Samples Collected 1992-2014

This Data Release makes available measurements of phytoplankton species composition, abundance and cell size made on samples collected in San Francisco Bay (CA) from April 1992 through March 2014. Phytoplankton samples were collected at 31 stations along a 145-km transect where the variability of salinity, temperature, turbidity and nutrient concentrations reflected a broad range of environmental
By
Water Resources Mission Area

USGS Measurements of Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (CA), 1969-2015 (ver. 4.0, March 2023)

The U.S. Geological Survey maintains a program of water-quality studies in San Francisco Bay (CA) that began in 1969. We plan a USGS Data Release to archive and make available all measurements made from 1969 through 2015. Water-quality constituents include salinity, temperature, light attenuation coefficient, and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nitr
Filter Total Items: 102

On the human appropriation of wetland primary production

Humans are changing the Earth's surface at an accelerating pace, with significant consequences for ecosystems and their biodiversity. Landscape transformation has far-reaching implications including reduced net primary production (NPP) available to support ecosystems, reduced energy supplies to consumers, and disruption of ecosystem services such as carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities have re
Authors
James E. Cloern, Samuel M. Safran, Lydia Smith Vaughn, April Robinson, Alison Whipple, Katharyn E. Boyer, Judith Z. Drexler, Robert J. Naiman, James L. Pinckney, Emily R. Howe, Elizabeth A. Canuel, J. Letitia Grenier
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Nutrient status of San Francisco Bay and its management implications

Nutrient enrichment has degraded many of the world’s estuaries by amplifying algal production, leading to hypoxia/anoxia, loss of vascular plants and fish/shellfish habitat, and expansion of harmful blooms (HABs). Policies to protect coastal waters from the effects of nutrient enrichment require information to determine if a water body is impaired by nutrients and if regulatory actions are require
Authors
James E. Cloern, Tara Schraga, Erica Nejad, Charles A. Martin
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Machine learning identifies a strong association between warming and reduced primary productivity in an oligotrophic ocean gyre

Phytoplankton play key roles in the oceans by regulating global biogeochemical cycles and production in marine food webs. Global warming is thought to affect phytoplankton production both directly, by impacting their photosynthetic metabolism, and indirectly by modifying the physical environment in which they grow. In this respect, the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) in the Sargasso Sea
Authors
Domenico D’Alelio, Salvatore Rampone, Luigi Maria Cusano, Valerio Morfino, Luca Russo, Nadia Sanseverino, James E. Cloern, Michael W. Lomas
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean

Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, sp
Authors
G. Beaugrand, A. Conversi, A. Atkinson, James Cloern, S. Chiba, S. Fonda-Umani, R.R. Kirby, C.H. Greene, E. Goberville, S.A. Otto, P.C. Reid, L. Stemmann, M. Edwards
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Blurred lines: Multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay, California

San Francisco Bay (SFB) is a eutrophic estuary that harbors both freshwater and marine toxigenic organisms that are responsible for harmful algal blooms. While there are few commercial fishery harvests within SFB, recreational and subsistence harvesting for shellfish is common. Coastal shellfish are monitored for domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), but within SFB there is no routine
Authors
Melissa B. Peacock, Corinne M. Gibble, David B. Senn, James E. Cloern, Raphael M. Kudela
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Why large cells dominate estuarine phytoplankton

Surveys across the world oceans have shown that phytoplankton biomass and production are dominated by small cells (picoplankton) where nutrient concentrations are low, but large cells (microplankton) dominate when nutrient-rich deep water is mixed to the surface. I analyzed phytoplankton size structure in samples collected over 25 yr in San Francisco Bay, a nutrient-rich estuary. Biomass was domin
Authors
James E. Cloern
By
Water Resources Mission Area

The land-sea interface: A source of high-quality phytoplankton to support secondary production

Coastal-estuarine systems are among the most productive marine ecosystems and their special role in producing harvestable fish and shellfish has been attributed to high primary production fueled by nutrient runoff from land and efficient trophic transfer. Here we ask if phytoplankton species composition and their food quality based on the percentage of long-chain essential fatty acids (LCEFA) is a
Authors
Monika Winder, Jacob Carstensen, Aaron W.E. Galloway, Hans H. Jakobsen, James E. Cloern
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Novel analyses of long-term data provide a scientific basis for chlorophyll-a thresholds in San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay (SFB), USA, is highly enriched in nitrogen and phosphorus, but has been resistant to the classic symptoms of eutrophication associated with over-production of phytoplankton. Observations in recent years suggest that this resistance may be weakening, shown by: significant increases of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and decreases of dissolved oxygen (DO), common occurrences of phytoplankton
Authors
Martha Sutula, Raphael Kudela, James D. Hagy, Lawrence W. Harding, David Senn, James E. Cloern, Suzanne B. Bricker, Gry Mine Berg, Marcus W. Beck
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Water quality measurements in San Francisco Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1969–2015

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains a place-based research program in San Francisco Bay (USA) that began in 1969 and continues, providing one of the longest records of water-quality measurements in a North American estuary. Constituents include salinity, temperature, light extinction coefficient, and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nitrate,
Authors
Tara Schraga, James E. Cloern
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity gradient: Examples from long-term study of San Francisco Bay

The salinity gradient of estuaries plays a unique and fundamental role in structuring spatial patterns of physical properties, biota, and biogeochemical processes. We use variability along the salinity gradient of San Francisco Bay to illustrate some lessons about the diversity of spatial structures in estuaries and their variability over time. Spatial patterns of dissolved constituents (e.g., sil
Authors
James E. Cloern, Alan D. Jassby, Tara Schraga, Erica S. Kress, Charles A. Martin
By
Water Resources Mission Area, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary

Estuary-ocean connectivity: Fast physics, slow biology

Estuaries are connected to both land and ocean so their physical, chemical, and biological dynamics are influenced by climate patterns over watersheds and ocean basins. We explored climate-driven oceanic variability as a source of estuarine variability by comparing monthly time series of temperature and chlorophyll-a inside San Francisco Bay with those in adjacent shelf waters of the California Cu
Authors
Mélanie Raimonet, James E. Cloern
By
Water Resources Mission Area, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary

Primary production in the Delta: Then and now

To evaluate the role of restoration in the recovery of the Delta ecosystem, we need to have clear targets and performance measures that directly assess ecosystem function. Primary production is a crucial ecosystem process, which directly limits the quality and quantity of food available for secondary consumers such as invertebrates and fish. The Delta has a low rate of primary production, but it i
Authors
James E. Cloern, April Robinson, Amy Richey, Letitia Grenier, Robin Grossinger, Katharyn E. Boyer, Jon Burau, Elizabeth A. Canuel, John F. DeGeorge, Judith Z. Drexler, Chris Enright, Emily R. Howe, Ronald Kneib, Anke Mueller-Solger, Robert J. Naiman, James L. Pinckney, Samuel M. Safran, David H. Schoellhamer, Charles A. Simenstad
By
Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center

Science and Products

  • Science
    link
    Map showing current San Francisco Bay-Delta water quality sampling station locations.

    Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

    Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
    link

    Sampling Locations for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

    Since 1969, the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project has conducted water-column sampling along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system. Learn more about when and where we collect data.
    Learn More
    link
    Scientist sample for clams aboard the R/V Polaris in North San Francisco Bay.

    Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

    The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
    link

    Sampling Methods for the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Project

    The Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project measures changes in water quality along the deep channel of the San Francisco Bay-Delta system using submersible sensors and discrete water samples. Learn more about how we collect and measure water-quality data.
    Learn More
    link
    R/V David H. Peterson at the Redwood City dock.

    Research Vessel David H. Peterson

    The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area
    link

    Research Vessel David H. Peterson

    The Research Vessel David H. Peterson begain service with the U.S. Geological Survey in 2015. Named after a founder of the Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project, this vessel is a high-tech scientific platform for estuarine research. Learn more about how the R/V David H. Peterson makes our research possible.
    Learn More
    link
    R/V David H. Peterson at the Redwood City dock.

    Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project

    Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center
    link

    Water Quality of San Francisco Bay Research and Monitoring Project

    Since 1969, the U.S. Geological Survey has maintained a research project in the San Francisco Bay-Delta system to measure and understand how estuarine systems and tidal river deltas function and change in response to hydro-climatic variability and human activities.
    Learn More
  • Data

    Stable isotope analysis of San Francisco Bay-Delta primary producers (1990-2000)

    This dataset is a compilation of multiple studies over different periods and in many environments as described below. These data were collected to measure temporal fluctuations in plant isotopic composition associated with seasonal cycles of growth and environmental variability. In 1990, 1992, and 1998-2000, a total of 868 samples were collected and analyzed to determine carbon and nitrogen mass a
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    USGS Measurements of Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (CA), 2016-2021 (ver. 4.0, March 2023)

    The U.S. Geological Survey maintains a program of water-quality studies in San Francisco Bay (CA) that began in 1969. This U.S.G.S. Data Release is a continuation of the previously published 1969-2015 dataset (Cloern and Schraga, 2016; Schraga and Cloern, 2017), it will archive and make available all measurements from 2016 and thereafter. Each year, a data file containing the previous years data w
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Phytoplankton Species Composition, Abundance and Cell Size in San Francisco Bay: Microscopic Analyses of USGS Samples Collected 1992-2014

    This Data Release makes available measurements of phytoplankton species composition, abundance and cell size made on samples collected in San Francisco Bay (CA) from April 1992 through March 2014. Phytoplankton samples were collected at 31 stations along a 145-km transect where the variability of salinity, temperature, turbidity and nutrient concentrations reflected a broad range of environmental
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    USGS Measurements of Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (CA), 1969-2015 (ver. 4.0, March 2023)

    The U.S. Geological Survey maintains a program of water-quality studies in San Francisco Bay (CA) that began in 1969. We plan a USGS Data Release to archive and make available all measurements made from 1969 through 2015. Water-quality constituents include salinity, temperature, light attenuation coefficient, and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nitr
  • Publications
    Filter Total Items: 102

    On the human appropriation of wetland primary production

    Humans are changing the Earth's surface at an accelerating pace, with significant consequences for ecosystems and their biodiversity. Landscape transformation has far-reaching implications including reduced net primary production (NPP) available to support ecosystems, reduced energy supplies to consumers, and disruption of ecosystem services such as carbon storage. Anthropogenic activities have re
    Authors
    James E. Cloern, Samuel M. Safran, Lydia Smith Vaughn, April Robinson, Alison Whipple, Katharyn E. Boyer, Judith Z. Drexler, Robert J. Naiman, James L. Pinckney, Emily R. Howe, Elizabeth A. Canuel, J. Letitia Grenier
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Nutrient status of San Francisco Bay and its management implications

    Nutrient enrichment has degraded many of the world’s estuaries by amplifying algal production, leading to hypoxia/anoxia, loss of vascular plants and fish/shellfish habitat, and expansion of harmful blooms (HABs). Policies to protect coastal waters from the effects of nutrient enrichment require information to determine if a water body is impaired by nutrients and if regulatory actions are require
    Authors
    James E. Cloern, Tara Schraga, Erica Nejad, Charles A. Martin
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Machine learning identifies a strong association between warming and reduced primary productivity in an oligotrophic ocean gyre

    Phytoplankton play key roles in the oceans by regulating global biogeochemical cycles and production in marine food webs. Global warming is thought to affect phytoplankton production both directly, by impacting their photosynthetic metabolism, and indirectly by modifying the physical environment in which they grow. In this respect, the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) in the Sargasso Sea
    Authors
    Domenico D’Alelio, Salvatore Rampone, Luigi Maria Cusano, Valerio Morfino, Luca Russo, Nadia Sanseverino, James E. Cloern, Michael W. Lomas
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Prediction of unprecedented biological shifts in the global ocean

    Impermanence is an ecological principle1 but there are times when changes occur nonlinearly as abrupt community shifts (ACSs) that transform the ecosystem state and the goods and services it provides2. Here, we present a model based on niche theory3 to explain and predict ACSs at the global scale. We test our model using 14 multi-decadal time series of marine metazoans from zooplankton to fish, sp
    Authors
    G. Beaugrand, A. Conversi, A. Atkinson, James Cloern, S. Chiba, S. Fonda-Umani, R.R. Kirby, C.H. Greene, E. Goberville, S.A. Otto, P.C. Reid, L. Stemmann, M. Edwards
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Blurred lines: Multiple freshwater and marine algal toxins at the land-sea interface of San Francisco Bay, California

    San Francisco Bay (SFB) is a eutrophic estuary that harbors both freshwater and marine toxigenic organisms that are responsible for harmful algal blooms. While there are few commercial fishery harvests within SFB, recreational and subsistence harvesting for shellfish is common. Coastal shellfish are monitored for domoic acid and paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), but within SFB there is no routine
    Authors
    Melissa B. Peacock, Corinne M. Gibble, David B. Senn, James E. Cloern, Raphael M. Kudela
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Why large cells dominate estuarine phytoplankton

    Surveys across the world oceans have shown that phytoplankton biomass and production are dominated by small cells (picoplankton) where nutrient concentrations are low, but large cells (microplankton) dominate when nutrient-rich deep water is mixed to the surface. I analyzed phytoplankton size structure in samples collected over 25 yr in San Francisco Bay, a nutrient-rich estuary. Biomass was domin
    Authors
    James E. Cloern
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    The land-sea interface: A source of high-quality phytoplankton to support secondary production

    Coastal-estuarine systems are among the most productive marine ecosystems and their special role in producing harvestable fish and shellfish has been attributed to high primary production fueled by nutrient runoff from land and efficient trophic transfer. Here we ask if phytoplankton species composition and their food quality based on the percentage of long-chain essential fatty acids (LCEFA) is a
    Authors
    Monika Winder, Jacob Carstensen, Aaron W.E. Galloway, Hans H. Jakobsen, James E. Cloern
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Novel analyses of long-term data provide a scientific basis for chlorophyll-a thresholds in San Francisco Bay

    San Francisco Bay (SFB), USA, is highly enriched in nitrogen and phosphorus, but has been resistant to the classic symptoms of eutrophication associated with over-production of phytoplankton. Observations in recent years suggest that this resistance may be weakening, shown by: significant increases of chlorophyll-a (chl-a) and decreases of dissolved oxygen (DO), common occurrences of phytoplankton
    Authors
    Martha Sutula, Raphael Kudela, James D. Hagy, Lawrence W. Harding, David Senn, James E. Cloern, Suzanne B. Bricker, Gry Mine Berg, Marcus W. Beck
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Water quality measurements in San Francisco Bay by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1969–2015

    The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains a place-based research program in San Francisco Bay (USA) that began in 1969 and continues, providing one of the longest records of water-quality measurements in a North American estuary. Constituents include salinity, temperature, light extinction coefficient, and concentrations of chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen, suspended particulate matter, nitrate,
    Authors
    Tara Schraga, James E. Cloern
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area

    Ecosystem variability along the estuarine salinity gradient: Examples from long-term study of San Francisco Bay

    The salinity gradient of estuaries plays a unique and fundamental role in structuring spatial patterns of physical properties, biota, and biogeochemical processes. We use variability along the salinity gradient of San Francisco Bay to illustrate some lessons about the diversity of spatial structures in estuaries and their variability over time. Spatial patterns of dissolved constituents (e.g., sil
    Authors
    James E. Cloern, Alan D. Jassby, Tara Schraga, Erica S. Kress, Charles A. Martin
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary

    Estuary-ocean connectivity: Fast physics, slow biology

    Estuaries are connected to both land and ocean so their physical, chemical, and biological dynamics are influenced by climate patterns over watersheds and ocean basins. We explored climate-driven oceanic variability as a source of estuarine variability by comparing monthly time series of temperature and chlorophyll-a inside San Francisco Bay with those in adjacent shelf waters of the California Cu
    Authors
    Mélanie Raimonet, James E. Cloern
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary

    Primary production in the Delta: Then and now

    To evaluate the role of restoration in the recovery of the Delta ecosystem, we need to have clear targets and performance measures that directly assess ecosystem function. Primary production is a crucial ecosystem process, which directly limits the quality and quantity of food available for secondary consumers such as invertebrates and fish. The Delta has a low rate of primary production, but it i
    Authors
    James E. Cloern, April Robinson, Amy Richey, Letitia Grenier, Robin Grossinger, Katharyn E. Boyer, Jon Burau, Elizabeth A. Canuel, John F. DeGeorge, Judith Z. Drexler, Chris Enright, Emily R. Howe, Ronald Kneib, Anke Mueller-Solger, Robert J. Naiman, James L. Pinckney, Samuel M. Safran, David H. Schoellhamer, Charles A. Simenstad
    By
    Water Resources Mission Area, California Water Science Center