Jeffrey D. Muehlbauer, PhD
Unit Leader - Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
Jeffrey's research focus is on linking hydrological and geomorphic conditions in rivers to the structure of aquatic communities. His work focuses on aquatic insects and macroinvertebrates, salmonid fishes and feeding ecology, and freshwater and riparian food webs. He is involved in basic and applied research in a variety of river ecosystems worldwide, including dam removal in Arizona.
His current role at USGS is at the Alaska Cooperative Fisheries and Wildlife Research Unit as the Unit Leader, in cooperation with the University of Alaska Fairbanks and partners. Jeffrey teaches courses in aquatic food web ecology and stream ecology. Jeff is a river and stream ecologist who specializes in macroinvertebrate communities, fisheries, and food webs. His research is focused on linking hydrological and geomorphic conditions in rivers to the structure of aquatic communities.
He is involved in wetland mitigation in North Carolina, food web studies on the Danube River in Austria/Hungary/Serbia and glacially-fed rivers in Italy, and large dam impacts on the Colorado River and on the impacts of climate change, mining, and other stressors in Alaskan streams and rivers.
Professional Experience
Unit Leader - Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
Assistant Unit Leader - Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
USGS Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center
Education and Certifications
BS - Northern Arizona University
MS - University of North Carolina
PhD - University of North Carolina
Science and Products
U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center: Proceedings of the fiscal year 2023 annual reporting meeting to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
Reimagining large river management using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework in the Upper Mississippi River
Colorado River Basin
Insectivorous bat foraging tracks the availability of aquatic flies (Diptera)
Little bugs, big data, and Colorado River adaptive management: Preliminary findings from the ongoing bug flow experiment at Glen Canyon Dam
Experimental reductions in sub-daily flow fluctuations increased gross primary productivity for 425 river kilometers downstream
Applied citizen science in freshwater research
Hydropeaking intensity and dam proximity limit aquatic invertebrate diversity in the Colorado River Basin
Variables affecting resource subsidies from streams and rivers to land and their susceptibility to global change stressors
Net-spinning caddisfly distribution in large regulated rivers
Spatial population structure of a widespread aquatic insect in the Colorado River Basin: Evidence for a Hydropsyche oslari species complex
Bug flows: Don’t count your midges until they hatch
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Community Science in Grand Canyon
Invertebrate Drift Downstream of Colorado River Basin Dams
Understanding Factors Influencing Rainbow Trout Growth in the Colorado River
Insect Drift
Aquatic Insects
Invertebrate data (2012-2021) from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and flow data (1921-2021) from the Lees Ferry gage (09380000) on the Colorado River near Page, AZ
Gross primary production estimates and associated light, sediment, and water quality data from the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam
Population genetic analysis of three aquatic macroinvertebrate species from samples in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) tributaries and nearby reference streams, 2016-2021
Benthic macroinvertebrate tailwater data in the Colorado River Basin, 2013 & 2015
Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of adult emergent Diptera before and after a fire-storm sequence in the Colorado River near Shinumo Creek, Grand Canyon, AZ
Stream Drift Sampling in Arizona, 2014Data
Angel Lichen Moth Abundance and Morphology Data, Grand Canyon, AZ, 2012
Flow management for hydropower extirpates aquatic insects, undermining river food websData
Science and Products
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 21
U.S. Geological Survey Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center: Proceedings of the fiscal year 2023 annual reporting meeting to the Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program
This proceedings is prepared for the USBR and Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program (GCDAMP) to account for work conducted and products delivered in FY 2023 by SBSC's Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) and to inform the Technical Work Group of science conducted by GCMRC and its cooperators in support of the GCDAMP. It includes a summary of accomplishments, modifications to wAuthorsAndrew Alan Schultz, Gregory Mark Anderson, David Topping, Ronald E. Griffiths, David Dean, Paul Grams, Keith Kohl, Gerard Lewis Salter, Matthew A. Kaplinski, Katherine Chapman, Erich R. Mueller, Emily C. Palmquist, Bradley J. Butterfield, Joel B. Sankey, Bridget Deemer, Charles Yackulic, Lindsay Erika Hansen, Drew Elliot Eppehimer, Theodore Kennedy, Anya Metcalfe, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Morgan Ford, Michael Dodrill, Maria C. Dzul, Pilar Rinker, Michael J. Pillow, David Ward, Josh Korman, Molly A.H. Webb, James A. Crossman, Eric J Frye, David L. Rogowski, Kimberley Dibble, Lucas Bair, Joshua Abbott, Thomas Gushue, Erica Paige Byerley, Joseph E Thomas, Thomas A. Sabol, Bryce Anthony MihalevichReimagining large river management using the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) framework in the Upper Mississippi River
BackgroundLarge-river decision-makers are charged with maintaining diverse ecosystem services through unprecedented social-ecological transformations as climate change and other global stressors intensify. The interconnected, dendritic habitats of rivers, which often demarcate jurisdictional boundaries, generate complex management challenges. Here, we explore how the Resist–Accept–Direct (RAD) fraAuthorsNicole K. Ward, Abigail Lynch, Erik A. Beever, Joshua Booker, Kristen L. Bouska, Holly Susan Embke, John F. Kocik, Joshua Kocik, Mary Grace T. Lemon, David J. Lawrence, Douglas Limpinsel, Madeline Magee, Bryan M. Maitland, Owen P. McKenna, Andrew R. Meier, John M. Morton, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Robert Newman, Devon C. Oliver, Heidi M. Rantala, Greg G. Sass, Aaron D. Shultz, Laura Thompson, Jennifer L. WilkeningColorado River Basin
The Colorado River is often referred to as “the lifeblood of the west.” The basin supplies municipal water to nearly 40 million people and irrigates approximately 22,000 km2 of agricultural lands. Twenty-two major rivers converge with the Colorado after it begins its descent from the Rocky Mountains and winds through the plateaus of Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, onto the deserts of southwestern AriAuthorsAnya Metcalfe, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Morgan Ford, Theodore KennedyInsectivorous bat foraging tracks the availability of aquatic flies (Diptera)
Rivers and their adjacent riparian zones are model ecosystems for observing cross-ecosystem energy transfers. Aquatic insects emerging from streams, for example, are resource subsidies that support riparian consumers such as birds, spiders, lizards, and bats. We collaborated with recreational river runners in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, to record acoustic bat activity and sample riparian insects uAuthorsAnya Metcalfe, Carol Fritzinger, Theodore J. Weller, Michael Dodrill, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Charles Yackulic, Brandon P. Holton, Cheyenne Maxime Szydlo, Laura E. Durning, Joel B. Sankey, Theodore KennedyLittle bugs, big data, and Colorado River adaptive management: Preliminary findings from the ongoing bug flow experiment at Glen Canyon Dam
The undammed Colorado River in Grand Canyon was characterized by spring snow-melt floods that sometimes exceeded 100,000 cubic feet per second (cfs). These were followed by occasional flash floods during summer monsoons, then by low flows from fall through early spring (Figure 1; Topping and others, 2003). This seasonally variable flow regime carried huge loads of sediment and was an important driAuthorsTheodore Kennedy, Anya Metcalfe, Bridget Deemer, Morgan Ford, Cheyenne Maxime Szydlo, Charles Yackulic, Jeffrey MuehlbauerExperimental reductions in sub-daily flow fluctuations increased gross primary productivity for 425 river kilometers downstream
Aquatic primary production is the foundation of many river food webs. Dams change the physical template of rivers, often driving food webs toward greater reliance on aquatic primary production. Nonetheless, the effects of regulated flow regimes on primary production are poorly understood. Load following is a common dam flow management strategy that involves sub-daily changes in water releases propAuthorsBridget Deemer, Charles Yackulic, Robert O Hall Jr., Michael Dodrill, Theodore Kennedy, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, David Topping, Nicholas Voichick, Mike YardApplied citizen science in freshwater research
Worldwide, scientists are increasingly collaborating with the general public. Citizen science methods are readily applicable to freshwater research, monitoring, and education. In addition to providing cost-effective data on spatial and temporal scales that are otherwise unattainable, citizen science provides unique opportunities for engagement with local communities and stakeholders in resource maAuthorsAnya N. Metcalfe, Theodore A. Kennedy, Gabriella A. Mendez, Jeffrey D. MuehlbauerHydropeaking intensity and dam proximity limit aquatic invertebrate diversity in the Colorado River Basin
River biodiversity is threatened globally by hydropower dams, and there is a need to understand how dam management favors certain species while filtering out others. We examined aquatic invertebrate communities within the tailwaters 0–24 km downstream of seven large hydropower dams in the Colorado River Basin of the western United States. We quantified aquatic invertebrate dominance, richness, abuAuthorsErin Abernathy, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Theodore Kennedy, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Richard Van Driesche, David A. LytleVariables affecting resource subsidies from streams and rivers to land and their susceptibility to global change stressors
Stream and river ecosystems provide subsidies of emergent adult aquatic insects and other resources to terrestrial food webs, and this lotic–land subsidy has garnered much attention in recent research. Here, we critically examine a list of biotic and abiotic variables—including productivity, dominant taxa, geomorphology, and weather—that should be important in affecting the nature of these subsidyAuthorsJeffrey Muehlbauer, Stefano Larsen, Micael Jonsson, Erik J.S. EmilsonNet-spinning caddisfly distribution in large regulated rivers
Most of the world's large rivers are dammed for the purposes of water storage, flood control, and power production. Damming rivers fundamentally alters water temperature and flows in tailwater ecosystems, which in turn affects the presence and abundance of downstream biota.We collaborated with more than 200 citizen scientists to collect 2,194 light trap samples across 2 years and more than 2,000 rAuthorsAnya Metcalfe, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Theodore Kennedy, Charles Yackulic, Kimberly L. Dibble, Jane C. MarksSpatial population structure of a widespread aquatic insect in the Colorado River Basin: Evidence for a Hydropsyche oslari species complex
Structural connectivity and dispersal ability are important constraints on functional connectivity among populations. For aquatic organisms that disperse among stream corridors, the regional structure of a river network can, thus, define the boundaries of gene flow. In this study, we used mitochondrial DNA (mtCO1 barcoding gene) to examine the genetic diversity and population structure of a caddisAuthorsAnya N. Metcalfe, Theodore A. Kennedy, Jane C. Marks, Aaron D. Smith, Jeffrey D. MuehlbauerBug flows: Don’t count your midges until they hatch
Usually when people hear about a “bug problem” it’s due to an undesirable overabundance of insects (think plague of locusts). In the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, however, we are faced with the opposite predicament: the river is essentially devoid of bugs. Aquatic insects are a fundamental component of a healthy river ecosystem. Most aquatic insects spend their juvenile life stages (egg, larva,AuthorsAnya Metcalfe, Jeffrey Muehlbauer, Morgan Ford, Theodore KennedyNon-USGS Publications**
Clay, P.A., Muehlbauer, J.D., and Doyle, M.W., 2015, Effect of tributary and braided confluences on aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and geomorphology in an alpine river watershed: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 3, p. 845-856.Copp, A.J., Kennedy, T.A., and Muehlbauer, J.D., 2014, Barcodes are a useful tool for labeling and tracking ecological samples: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 95, no. 3, p. 293–300.Muehlbauer, J.D., Collins, S.F., Doyle, M.W., and Tockner, K., 2014, How wide is a stream? Spatial extent of the potential “stream signature” in terrestrial food webs using meta-analysis: Ecology, v. 95, no. 1, p. 44–55.Wang, H., Li, H., Zhang, Z., Muehlbauer, J.D., He, Q., Xu, X., Yue, C., and Jiang, D., 2014, Linking stoichiometric homeostasis of microorganisms with soil phosphorus dynamics in wetlands subjected to microcosm warming: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 1, p. e85575.Riggsbee, J.A., Doyle, M.W., Julian, J.P., Manners, R., Muehlbauer, J.D., Sholtes, J.S., and Small, M.J., 2013, Influence of aquatic and semi-aquatic organisms on channel forms and processes, in Wohl, E., ed., Fluvial Geomorphology: San Diego, California, USA, Academic Press, p. 189-202.Muehlbauer, J.D., and Doyle, M.W., 2012, Knickpoint effects on macroinvertebrates, sediment, and discharge in urban and forested streams: urbanization outweighs microscale habitat heterogeneity: Freshwater Science, p. 282–295.Muehlbauer, J.D., Duncan, J.M., and Doyle, M.W., 2012, Benign use of salt slugs on aquatic macroinvertebrates: measuring discharge with salt during an aquatic ecology study: River Research and Applications, v. 28, no. 10, p. 1858-1863.Muehlbauer, J.D., Doyle, M.W., and Bernhardt, E.S., 2011, Macroinvertebrate community responses to a dewatering disturbance gradient in a restored stream: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1771-1783.Fuller, R.L., Griego, C., Muehlbauer, J.D., Dennison, J., and Doyle, M.W., 2010, Response of stream macroinvertebrates in flow refugia and high-scour areas to a series of floods: a reciprocal replacement study: Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 29, no. 2, p. 750-760.Muehlbauer, J.D., LeRoy, C.J., Lovett, J.M., Flaccus, K.K., Vlieg, J.K., and Marks, J.C., 2009, Short-term responses of decomposers to flow restoration in Fossil Creek, Arizona, USA: Hydrobiologia, v. 618, p. 35-45.Joseph, J.W., Odegaard, M.L., Ronnebaum, S.M., Burgess, S.C., Muehlbauer, J., Sherry, A.D., and Newgard, C.B., 2007, Normal flux through ATP-citrate lyase or fatty acid synthase is not required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: Journal of Biological Chemistry, v. 282, no. 43, p. 31592-31600.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
- Science
Community Science in Grand Canyon
Aquatic insects are important components of riverine foodwebs as they are prey for fish, birds, bats, lizards, and spiders. The closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 fundamentally altered the hydrology, water temperature, and turbidity of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. These changes, along with competition with invasive species and limited food availability have led to the decline and...Invertebrate Drift Downstream of Colorado River Basin Dams
Aquatic invertebrates are critical food for fish and other species that inhabit large rivers. In the Colorado River Basin, invertebrates that get transported down the river (“in the drift”) are particularly important to rainbow trout and other species of interest to recreational users. This research seeks to compare rivers downstream of large dams throughout the Colorado River Basin in order to...Understanding Factors Influencing Rainbow Trout Growth in the Colorado River
Rainbow trout is a desirable sport fish that has been introduced in many locations around the world. Although introductions of rainbow trout and other nonnative fishes provide recreational fishing opportunities, they also pose threats to native fish populations. The Glen Canyon Dam Adaptive Management Program has tasked scientists and managers with identifying management options that allow rainbow...Insect Drift
All aquatic invertebrates drift downstream at some point in their life cycle. Invertebrates may drift to find more preferable habitats, to leave the water during their transition from aquatic larvae to terrestrial adults, or accidentally such as when swept off the river bed by a flood. Regardless, when they enter the drift, invertebrates become particularly susceptible to predation by several...Aquatic Insects
Aquatic insects live in the water as larvae most of their lives, then emerge onto land for a brief period as winged adults. Sampling these emerged adults on land is therefore a useful tool for understanding the condition of the aquatic insect population that is in the water, particularly in large rivers where sampling the larvae on the river bed is impractical. Our group uses a variety of methods... - Data
Invertebrate data (2012-2021) from the Colorado River in Grand Canyon and flow data (1921-2021) from the Lees Ferry gage (09380000) on the Colorado River near Page, AZ
These data were compiled for an outreach article published in the Boatman's Quarterly Review, which is a magazine published by Grand Canyon River Guides Association. The objectives of our study was to describe the outcomes of the 2018-2020 Bug Flows experiment to a general audience. These data represent 10 years (2012-2021) of invertebrate data and 100 years (1921-2021) of flow data. These data weGross primary production estimates and associated light, sediment, and water quality data from the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam
These data were compiled to model the effects of flow regime and bed grain size distributions on rates of gross primary production (GPP) in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam, AZ, USA. The objectives of our study were to quantify daily and weekly scale effects of an experimental flow regime on GPP in the Colorado River. The experimental flow was conducted at Glen Canyon Dam from May-August iPopulation genetic analysis of three aquatic macroinvertebrate species from samples in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA) tributaries and nearby reference streams, 2016-2021
This dataset contains single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information for aquatic insect species collected in tributaries of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon (Arizona, USA), as well as SNP information for individuals collected from reference reaches of the Upper Colorado River Basin in Utah. This dataset focuses specifically on three species that were common and widely distributed throughout trBenthic macroinvertebrate tailwater data in the Colorado River Basin, 2013 & 2015
These benthic macroinvertebrate data and associated site characteristics were compiled for the purpose of exploring any relationships between large dams in the Colorado River Basin, their flow management and geographical context, and their associated downstream benthic macroinvertebrate communities. The goal of the analyses based upon these data was to understand how dam conditions, specifically hCarbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content of adult emergent Diptera before and after a fire-storm sequence in the Colorado River near Shinumo Creek, Grand Canyon, AZ
This dataset includes total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and total carbon (TC) concentrations as well as δ15N and δ13C composition, and overall C:N:P stoichiometry for adult emergent Diptera from the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ. The samples were collected before and after a fire and subsequent storm occurred in the Shinumo Watershed, a tributary to the Colorado River in Northern ArizStream Drift Sampling in Arizona, 2014Data
These data were compiled from field drift collections and from a meta-analysis of published drift literature. Field data were collected in 2014 from the Colorado River downstream of Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, from the Salt River downstream of Stewart Mountain Dam, Arizona, and from Wet Beaver Creek near the Village of Oak Creek, Arizona. These data represent flow meter measurements taken at the mouAngel Lichen Moth Abundance and Morphology Data, Grand Canyon, AZ, 2012
Two unique datasets on the abundance and morphology of the angel lichen moth (Cisthene angelus) in Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA were compiled to describe the phenology and life history of this common, but poorly known, species. The abundance data were collected from 2012 to 2013 through a collaboration with river runners in Grand Canyon National Park. These citizen scientists deployed light traps frFlow management for hydropower extirpates aquatic insects, undermining river food websData
Two unique datasets were gathered to document whether flow management for hydropower affects the abundance and diversity of aquatic insect assemblages. The first dataset was collected in Grand Canyon from 2012-2014 by citizen scientists rafting the Colorado River. Simple light traps were set out each night in camp and used to capture the adult life stages of aquatic insects that emerged from the C - News