Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Jennifer Lynn Lewicki, PhD

I am a volcano geochemist whose research quantifies temporal and spatial variations in gas and heat emissions, seeks to understand the processes that drive these variations, and evaluates the state of magmatic and/or volcanic activity.

Professional Experience

  • Research Geologist (2012-present), U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA

  • Geological Research Scientist/Geological Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA

  • Geological Sciences Postdoctoral Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA

  • Postdoctoral Fellow, University of South Florida, Department of Geology, Tampa, FL

Education and Certifications

  • Ph.D. Geoscience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA

  • M.S. Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ

  • B.A. Geology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Steering Committee Member, IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Lakes (2023-present)

  • Co-Leader, IAVCEI Commission on Volcanic Lakes (2019-2023)

Science and Products

Provisional Multi-GAS Volcanic Gas Monitoring Data, Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park

This release presents provisional volcanic gas monitoring data from multi-GAS (multiple Gas Analyzer System) station "YELL_MUD", installed in July 2021 in the Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park, USA. The multi-GAS station includes gas sensors to measure water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in gas plumes, as well as meteorologic para
By
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone

Long-term CO2 emissions measurements, Horseshoe Lake tree kill area, Mammoth Mountain, CA

We installed an eddy covariance station on July 22, 2014 at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill area on Mammoth Mountain, CA to monitor variations in magmatic CO2 emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly basis. We also measured soil CO2 fluxes across the area (0.32 km2) using
By
Volcano Science Center

Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park

We installed an eddy covariance station on July 10, 2018 at Bison Flat, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, WY to monitor variations in hydrothermal gas and heat emissions. Since then, this station has measured CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, and wind speed and direction on a half-hourly bas
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone

Gas emission and ground temperature measurements at Puhimau thermal area, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Puhimau thermal area, located in the upper East Rift Zone of K?lauea Volcano, Hawai`i formed around 1936 when heat and gases migrated to the surface following a magma intrusion. As of April 2020, the area is about 0.2 km2 in size with regions of steaming ground. The site may be valuable for monitoring changes in gas and heat emissions related to movement of magma down the rift zone. On November 4-
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center, Kīlauea

Gas and heat emission measurements at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park (May-September 2017)

From May to September 2017 measurements of gas and heat emissions were made at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. An eddy covariance system measured half-hourly CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction and soil moisture. A Multi-GAS instrument measured (0.5 Hz frequ
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Yellowstone

Gas and heat emission measurements in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (May-October 2016)

From 14 May to 6 October 2016 measurements of gas and heat emissions were made at Bison Flat, an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) of Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, WY. An eddy covariance system measured half-hourly CO2, H2O and sensible and latent heat fluxes, air temperature and pressure, wind speed and direction, soil moisture and rainfall. A Multi-GAS instrument me
By
Yellowstone

Aleutian Arc Fluid Geochemical Data

This report contains the chemical and isotopic data from thermal waters and gases collected from the Aleutian Arc over the past 20 years, where such data remain unpublished or only published in part.
By
California Water Science Center
Bison in Yellowstone National Park
Bison in Yellowstone National Park
Bison in Yellowstone National Park
Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, September 20, 2023.

By
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone
Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park

Bison in Yellowstone National Park. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, September 20, 2023.

By
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone
USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park
USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park
USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park
USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists Laura Dobeck and Sara Peek carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, July 13, 2021.

By
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone
USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park

USGS scientists Laura Dobeck and Sara Peek carrying field equipment to set up a gas monitoring station in Yellowstone National Park. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, July 13, 2021.

By
Volcano Science Center, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone
Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California
Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California
Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California
Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Photograph of permanent eddy covariance station installed since 2014 in area of volcanic CO2 emissions on Mammoth Mountain, California. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, August 2019.

By
Volcano Science Center, California Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, California Volcano Observatory, Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain
Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Eddy covariance station at Mammoth Mountain, California

Photograph of permanent eddy covariance station installed since 2014 in area of volcanic CO2 emissions on Mammoth Mountain, California. USGS photo by Jennifer Lewicki, August 2019.

By
Volcano Science Center, California Volcano Observatory, Yellowstone Volcano Observatory, California Volcano Observatory, Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain
Image: Sampling fumarole
Sampling fumarole
Sampling fumarole
Image: Sampling fumarole

Sampling fumarole

Sampling fumarole

USGS scientist Deborah Bergfeld collects a gas sample from a fumarole on the flank of Akutan Volcano, Akutan Island, Alaska.

By
Natural Hazards, Communications and Publishing
Image: Sampling fumarole

Sampling fumarole

Sampling fumarole

USGS scientist Deborah Bergfeld collects a gas sample from a fumarole on the flank of Akutan Volcano, Akutan Island, Alaska.

By
Natural Hazards, Communications and Publishing
Image: Steam fumarole field
Steam fumarole field
Steam fumarole field
Image: Steam fumarole field

Steam fumarole field

Steam fumarole field

Steam rises from degassing fumaroles (middle right) and a boiling pool (middle left) on the flank of Akutan Volcano, Akutan Island, Alaska.

By
Natural Hazards, Communications and Publishing
Image: Steam fumarole field

Steam fumarole field

Steam fumarole field

Steam rises from degassing fumaroles (middle right) and a boiling pool (middle left) on the flank of Akutan Volcano, Akutan Island, Alaska.

By
Natural Hazards, Communications and Publishing
Filter Total Items: 16

Out of the frying pan and into the fire: Effects of volcanic heat and other stressors on the conservation of a critically endangered plant in Hawaiʻi

Loss of local biodiversity resulting from abrupt environmental change is a significant environmental problem throughout the world. Extinctions of plants are particularly important yet are often overlooked. Drawing from a case in Hawai‘i, a global hotspot for plant and other extinctions, we demonstrate an effort to better understand and determine priorities for the management of an endangered plant
Authors
Nathan S. Gill, Jeff Stallman, Linda Pratt, Jennifer L. Lewicki, Tamar Elias, Patricia Nadeau, Stephanie G. Yelenik
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Volcano Hazards Program, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Volcano Science Center

Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA

We present the chemical and isotopic compositions of gases and fluxes of CO2 from the hydrothermal features of Newberry Volcano, a large composite volcano located in Oregon's Cascade Range with a summit caldera that hosts two lakes, Paulina and East Lakes. Gas samples were collected from 1982 to 2021 from Paulina Hot Springs (PHS) on the shore of Paulina Lake, East Lake Hot Springs (ELHS) on the s
Authors
Jennifer L. Lewicki, William C. Evans, Steven E. Ingebritsen, Laura E. Clor, Peter J. Kelly, Sara Peek, Robert A. Jensen, Andrew Hunt
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Volcano Hazards Program, Alaska Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Volcano Science Center

Seasonal and multi-year changes in CO2 degassing at Mammoth Mountain explained by solid-earth-driven fault valving

Changes in CO2 emissions from volcanoes may evidence volcanic unrest. We use a multiyear time series of CO2 flux collected at the Horseshoe Lake Tree Kill area on Mammoth Mountain, CA, to understand processes that cause variations in flux from this system. Seasonal variations are systematically lowest during the winter months and reach maximum values during the summer season. A persistent ∼20% red
Authors
George E. Hilley, Jennifer L. Lewicki, Curtis W Baden
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center

Long-term year-round observations of magmatic CO2 emissions on Mammoth Mountain, California, USA

Diffuse emission of magmatic CO2 is one of the main indicators of volcanic unrest at Mammoth Mountain, but the presence of deep seasonal snowpack at the site has hindered year-round CO2 flux observations. A permanent eddy covariance station was established at the largest area of diffuse CO2 degassing on Mammoth Mountain (Horseshoe Lake tree kill) that measured CO2 fluxes (Fc) and meteorological pa
Authors
Jennifer L. Lewicki
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center

High-resolution imaging of hydrothermal heat flux using optical and thermal Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry

Quantifying hydrothermal heat flux at meter-scale resolution over N0.25 km2 is required to bridge in-situ heat flux and satellite-based measurements. We advance a methodology that blends ground-based daytime optical and nighttime thermal infrared (TIR) imagery using Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry to map radiant hydrothermal heat flux over these scales at sites with low signal-to-noise ratios
Authors
Aaron Lewis, Robert Sare, Jennifer L. Lewicki, George Hilley
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center

Rate of magma supply beneath Mammoth Mountain, California based on helium isotopes and CO2 emissions

Mammoth Mountain, California, has exhibited unrest over the past ~30 years, characterized by seismicity over a broad range of depths, elevated 3He/4He ratios in fumarolic gas, and large-scale diffuse CO2 emissions. This activity has been attributed to magmatic intrusion, but minimal ground deformation and the presence of a shallow crustal gas reservoir beneath Mammoth Mountain pose a challenge for
Authors
Jennifer L. Lewicki, William C. Evans, Emily Montgomery-Brown, Margaret T. Mangan, John King, Andrew Hunt
By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center

Heat and mass transport in a vapor-dominated hydrothermal area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences from magnetic, electrical, electromagnetic, subsurface temperature and diffuse CO2 flux measurements

Vapor‐dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low‐permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (“heat pipe” model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measu
Authors
Claire Bouligand, Shaul Hurwitz, Jean Vandemeulebrouck, Svetlana Byrdina, Mason A. Kass, Jennifer L. Lewicki
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center

Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 using airborne remote sensing at Mammoth Mountain, California

We present an exploratory study examining the use of airborne remote-sensing observations to detect ecological responses to elevated CO2emissions from active volcanic systems. To evaluate these ecosystem responses, existing spectroscopic, thermal, and lidar data acquired over forest ecosystems on Mammoth Mountain volcano, California, were exploited, along with in situ measurements of persistent vo
Authors
Kerry Cawse-Nicholson, Joshua B. Fisher, Caroline A. Famiglietti, Amy Braverman, Florian M. Schwandner, Jennifer L. Lewicki, Philip A. Townsend, David S. Schimel, Ryan Pavlick, Kathryn J. Bormann, Antonio Ferraz, Emily L. Kang, Pulong Ma, Robert R. Bogue, Thomas Youmans, David C. Pieri
By
Volcano Hazards Program, Volcano Science Center

Unraveling the dynamics of magmatic CO2 degassing at Mammoth Mountain, California

The accumulation of magmatic CO2 beneath low-permeability barriers may lead to the formation of CO2-rich gas reservoirs within volcanic systems. Such accumulation is often evidenced by high surface CO2 emissions that fluctuate over time. The temporal variability in surface degassing is believed in part to reflect a complex interplay between deep magmatic degassing and the permeability of degassing
Authors
Loic Pfeiffer, Christoph Wanner, Jennifer L. Lewicki
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Monitoring gas and heat emissions at Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA based on a combined eddy covariance and Multi-GAS approach

We quantified gas and heat emissions in an acid-sulfate, vapor-dominated area (0.04-km2) of Norris Geyser Basin, located just north of the 0.63 Ma Yellowstone Caldera and near an area of anomalous uplift. From 14 May to 3 October 2016, an eddy covariance system measured half-hourly CO2, H2O and sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat fluxes and a Multi-GAS instrument measured (1 Hz frequency) atmospheri
Authors
Jennifer L. Lewicki, Peter J. Kelly, Deborah Bergfeld, R. Greg Vaughan, Jacob B. Lowenstern
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Natural Hazards Mission Area, Astrogeology Science Center

High spatio-temporal resolution observations of crater-lake temperatures at Kawah Ijen volcano, East Java, Indonesia

The crater lake of Kawah Ijen volcano, East Java, Indonesia, has displayed large and rapid changes in temperature at point locations during periods of unrest, but measurement techniques employed to-date have not resolved how the lake’s thermal regime has evolved over both space and time. We applied a novel approach for mapping and monitoring variations in crater-lake apparent surface (“skin”) temp
Authors
Jennifer L. Lewicki, Corentin Caudron, Vincent van Hinsberg, George Hilley
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Integrated thermal infrared imaging and Structure-from-Motion photogrametry to map apparent temperature and radiant hydrothermal heat flux at Mammoth Mountain, CA USA

This work presents a method to create high-resolution (cm-scale) orthorectified and georeferenced maps of apparent surface temperature and radiant hydrothermal heat flux and estimate the radiant hydrothermal heat emission rate from a study area. A ground-based thermal infrared (TIR) camera was used to collect (1) a set of overlapping and offset visible imagery around the study area during the dayt
Authors
Aaron Lewis, George Hilley, Jennifer L. Lewicki
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Non-USGS Publications**

Lewicki, J.L., G.E. Hilley, L. Dobeck, T.L. McLing, B.M. Kennedy, M. Bill, and B.D.V. Marino, 2013. Input of geologic CO2 into groundwater and the atmosphere, Soda Springs, ID, USA. Chemical Geology, 339, 61-70, doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.06.013.
Hogan, J., J.A. Shaw, R.L. Lawrence, J.L. Lewicki, L.M. Dobeck, and L.H. Spangler, 2012. Detection of leaking CO2 gas with vegetation reflectances measured by a low-cost multispectral imager. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 5, 699-706
Lewicki, J.L. and G.E. Hilley, 2012. Eddy covariance network design for mapping and quantification of surface CO2 leakage fluxes. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 7, 137-144, doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.01.010.
Lewicki, J.L., G.E. Hilley, L. Dobeck, and B.D.V. Marino, 2012. Eddy covariance imaging of diffuse volcanic CO2 emissions at Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA. Bulletin of Volcanology, 74, 135-141, doi:10.1007/s00445-011-0503-y.
Pan, L., J.L. Lewicki, C.M. Oldenburg, and M.L. Fischer, 2010. Time-windows-based filtering method for near-surface detection of leakage from geologic carbon sequestration sites. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 359-369, doi:10.1007/s12665-009-0436-3.
Lewicki, J. L., G.E. Hilley, L. Dobeck, and L. Spangler, 2010. Dynamics of CO2 fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO2 release, Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 285-297, doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0396-7.
Oldenburg, C.M., J.L. Lewicki, L. Pan, L. Dobeck, and L. Spangler, 2010. Origin of the patchy emission pattern at the ZERT CO2 release test. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 241-250, doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0442-5.
Male, E.J., W.L. Pickles, E.I. Silver, G.D. Hoffmann, J. Lewicki, M. Apple, K. Repasky, and E.A. Burton, 2010. Using hyperspectral plant signatures for leak detection during the 2008 ZERT CO2 sequestration field experiment in Bozeman, MT. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 251-261, doi: 10.1007/s12665-009-0372-2.
Rouse, J.H., J.A. Shaw, R.L. Lawrence, J.L. Lewicki, L.M. Dobeck, K.S. Repasky, and L.H. Spangler, 2010. Multi-spectral imaging of vegetation for detecting CO2 leakage from underground. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 313-323, doi: 10.1007/s12665-010-0483-9.
Spangler, L.H., L.M. Dobeck, K.S. Repasky, A.R. Nehrir, S.D. Humphries, J.L. Barr, C.J. Keith, J.A. Shaw, J.H. Rouse, A.B. Cunningham, S.M. Benson, C.M. Oldenburg, J.L. Lewicki et al., 2010. A shallow subsurface controlled release facility in Bozeman, MT, USA, for testing near surface CO2 detection techniques and transport models. Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 227-239, doi:10.1007/s12665-009-0400-2.
Lewicki, J.L. and G.E. Hilley, 2009. Eddy covariance mapping and quantification of surface CO2 leakage fluxes. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L21802, doi:10.1029/2009GL040775.
Lewicki, J. L., G.E. Hilley, M.L. Fischer, L. Pan, C.M. Oldenburg, L. Dobeck, and L. Spangler, 2009. Eddy covariance observations of surface leakage during shallow subsurface CO2 releases, Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres, 114, D12302, doi:10.1029/2008JD011297.
Oldenburg, C.M., J.L. Lewicki, L. Dobeck, and L. Spangler, 2009. Modeling gas transport in the shallow subsurface during the ZERT CO2 release test. Transport in Porous Media, 82, 77-92, doi:10.10007/s11242-009-9361-x.
Lewicki, J. L., M.L. Fischer, and G.E. Hilley, 2008. Six-week time series of eddy covariance CO2 flux at Mammoth Mountain, California: performance evaluation and role of meteorological forcing, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 171, 178-190, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.029.
Lewicki, J.L., C.M. Oldenburg, L. Dobeck, and L. Spangler, 2007. Surface CO2 leakage during two shallow subsurface CO2 releases, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L24402, doi:101029/2007GL03204.
Lewicki, J.L., G.E. Hilley, T. Tosha, R. Aoyagi, K. Yamamoto, and S.M. Benson, 2007. Dynamic coupling of volcanic CO2 flow and wind at the Horseshoe Lake tree kill, Mammoth Mountain, California, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L03401, doi:10.1029/2006GL028848.
Lewicki, J.L., J.T. Birkholzer, and C.-F. Tsang, 2007. Natural and industrial analogues for leakage of CO2 from storage reservoirs: identification of features, events, and processes and lessons learned, Environmental Geology, 52, doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0479-7.
Oldenburg, C.M. and J.L. Lewicki, 2006. On leakage and seepage of CO2 from geologic storage sites into surface water, Environmental Geology, 50, 691–705, doi:10.1007/s00254-006-0242-0.
Bryant, J.A., G.M. Yogodzinski, M.L. Hall, J.L. Lewicki, and D.G. Bailey, 2006. Geochemical constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks from the Andean Northern Volcanic Zone Ecuador, Journal of Petrology, 47, 1147-1175, doi:10.1093/petrology/egl006.
Lewicki, J.L., G.E. Hilley, and C.M. Oldenburg, 2005. An improved strategy to detect CO2 leakage for verification of geologic carbon sequestration, Geophysical Research Letters, 32 (19), L19403, doi:10.1029/2005GL024281.
Lewicki, J.L., D. Bergfeld, C. Cardellini, G. Chiodini, D. Granieri, N. Varley, and C. Werner, 2005. Comparative soil CO2 flux measurements and geostatistical estimation methods on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, Bulletin of Volcanology, 68, 76-90, doi: 10.1007/s00445-005-0423-9.
Wardell, L.J., P. Delmelle, T. Fischer, J.L. Lewicki, E. Malavassi, J. Stix, and W. Strauch, 2003. Volcanic gas workshop fosters international focus on state of the art measurement techniques, Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), 84(47), 519.
Lewicki, J.L., C. Connor, K. St-Amand, J. Stix, and W. Spinner, 2003. Self-potential, soil CO2 flux, and temperature on Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1817.
Lewicki, J.L., W.C. Evans, G.E. Hilley, M.L. Sorey, J.D. Rogie, and S.L. Brantley, 2003. Shallow soil CO2 flow along the San Andreas and Calaveras faults, California, Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth, 108, 2187, doi:10.1029/2002JB002141.
Cardellini, C., G. Chiodini, F. Frondini, D. Granieri, J. Lewicki, and L. Peruzzi, 2003. Accumulation chamber measurements of methane fluxes: application to volcanic-geothermal areas and landfills, Applied Geochemistry, 18, 45-54.
Lewicki, J.L., T. Fischer, and S.N. Williams, 2000. Chemical and isotopic compositions of fluids at Cumbal volcano, Colombia: evidence for magmatic contribution, Bulletin of Volcanology, 62, 347-361.
Lewicki, J.L. and S.L. Brantley, 2000. CO2 degassing along the San Andreas fault, Parkfield, California, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 5-8.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

The challenges of conducting scientific research in Bison Country

The challenges of conducting scientific research in Bison Country

Yellowstone National Park is a tapestry of natural wonders, where geysers erupt in spectacular displays, serene lakes mirror the vast skies, and...

Read Article
Continuous gas monitoring capabilities get a boost in Yellowstone

Continuous gas monitoring capabilities get a boost in Yellowstone

Changes in gas emissions can forewarn of volcanic or hydrothermal activity.  Continuous monitoring of gas concentrations by a station deployed in the...

Read Article
Scientists can now “sniff” Yellowstone gases in real time

Scientists can now “sniff” Yellowstone gases in real time

Much is known about how the chemical compositions of gases vary across the Yellowstone volcanic system, but how they vary in time has remained largely...

Read Article
Capturing Yellowstone’s elusive gases

Capturing Yellowstone’s elusive gases

If you’ve been to Yellowstone, you’ve no doubt smelled some of the gases that come from depth and escape to the surface.  In addition to their noses...

Read Article

Science and Products

*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government