Example of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sites
Joshua C Koch, Ph.D.
Surface water / groundwater interactions; hyporheic zone hydrology and biogeochemistry; carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling; flow above / through frozen ground; preferential flow and soil pipe formation and transport.
Professional Experience
2011 - Present Research Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Anchorage, AK
2006 - 2011 Student Hydrologist, Branch of Regional Research, USGS, Boulder, CO
2005 - 2006 Research Assistant, Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado, Boulder
2003 - 2005 Research Assistant, Semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
2002 - 2003 Hydrologist Intern, Branch of Regional Research, USGS, Lakewood, CO
2001 - 2002 Hydrologist Intern, MA-RI Water District, USGS, Northborough, MA
Education and Certifications
PhD 2010 University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering
MS 2005 University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Department of Hydrology
BA 2001 Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT Earth and Environmental Sciences
Affiliations and Memberships*
American Geophysical Union, Hydrology and Cryosphere Sections
American Water Resources Association - Alaska Chapter
Association of Polar Early Career Scientists
Science and Products
Arctic – Boreal Catchment Studies
Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE)
Nome Creek Experimental Watershed
Nome Creek Boreal, Fire and Permafrost Hydrology investigations
Monitoring Thermokarst on the Landscapes of Northern Alaska
Meteorological Data from Two Locations in the Agashashok River Watershed, Northwestern Alaska, 2015 to 2017
Water quality and gas fluxes of Interior Alaska (2014-2018)
Descriptions, Depth to Refusal, and Field-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, 2012-2016
Physical, Hydraulic, and Thermal Properties of Soils in the Noatak River Basin, Alaska, 2016
Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, 2016 and 2017
Nitrogen biogeochemistry in a boreal headwater stream network in Interior Alaska, 2008 to 2011
Water Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015 - 2017
Physical, Chemical, and Invertebrate Data from Chipp North Pond Manipulations, North Slope, Alaska, 2013
Influenza A Virus Persistence Data from an Urban Wetland in Anchorage, Alaska, 2018-2019
Carbon Isotope Concentrations in Stream Food Webs of the Arctic Network National Parks, Alaska, 2014-2016
West Twin Creek Alaska Subsurface Bromide Tracer Experiment, 2015
Arctic Coastal Plain Seasonal Lake Drainage, Water Temperature, and Solute and Nutrient Concentrations, 2011 - 2014
Example of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sites
Brian Ebel pours a dye tracer into a pit to observe how water moves through soils on a burned hillslope.
Brian Ebel pours a dye tracer into a pit to observe how water moves through soils on a burned hillslope.
The north fork of the Agashashok River
The north fork of the Agashashok River
The majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska. This work is part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thawing (HEAT): Hydrology project that takes place in the Arctic Network Parks.
The majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska. This work is part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thawing (HEAT): Hydrology project that takes place in the Arctic Network Parks.
A high alpine tributary of the Agashashok River.
A high alpine tributary of the Agashashok River.
Ryan collects water chemistry samples during a subsurface tracer experiment while Matt observes.
Ryan collects water chemistry samples during a subsurface tracer experiment while Matt observes.
Meanders on the Agashashok River
A tributary at the arctic-boreal transition in the Agashashok River Watershed
A tributary at the arctic-boreal transition in the Agashashok River Watershed
Wetlands in the Goose Creek watershed.
Wetlands in the Goose Creek watershed.
The open black spruce forest of the West Twin Creek catchment with Table Top Mountain in the background
The open black spruce forest of the West Twin Creek catchment with Table Top Mountain in the background
Historically, the coastal plain of Alaska has been characterized by cloudy or foggy conditions, with only limited summer rain. However, with increasing air temperatures, convective storms are becoming increasingly common.
Historically, the coastal plain of Alaska has been characterized by cloudy or foggy conditions, with only limited summer rain. However, with increasing air temperatures, convective storms are becoming increasingly common.
A degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal Plain.
A degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal Plain.
Thawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain. The shape of these ponds influences how their water levels and nutrient concentrations change over the year. These variables in turn influence pond ecosystems and use by waterbirds.
Thawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain. The shape of these ponds influences how their water levels and nutrient concentrations change over the year. These variables in turn influence pond ecosystems and use by waterbirds.
Table Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek catchment.
Table Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek catchment.
Colin and Colby use ground penetrating radar to measure the depth to ground ice in the watershed
Colin and Colby use ground penetrating radar to measure the depth to ground ice in the watershed
A stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal Plain
A stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal Plain
Researchers collect water chemistry and invertebrates from a degrading trough pond.
Researchers collect water chemistry and invertebrates from a degrading trough pond.
Seasonality of solute flux and water source chemistry in a coastal glacierized watershed undergoing rapid change: Wolverine Glacier watershed, Alaska
Storm-scale and seasonal dynamics of carbon export from a nested subarctic watershed underlain by permafrost
Arctic insect emergence timing and composition differs across thaw ponds of varying morphology
Nitrogen biogeochemistry in a boreal headwater stream network in interior Alaska
USGS permafrost research determines the risks of permafrost thaw to biologic and hydrologic resources
Permafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams
Carbon dioxide and methane flux in a dynamic Arctic tundra landscape: Decadal‐scale impacts of ice wedge degradation and stabilization
Fish growth rates and lake sulphate explain variation in mercury levels in ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska
Field-based method for assessing duration of infectivity for influenza A viruses in the environment
Permafrost hydrology drives the assimilation of old carbon by stream food webs in the Arctic
Soil physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties in interior Alaska, USA: Implications for hydrologic response to thawing permafrost conditions
Ice wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds
Science and Products
- Science
Filter Total Items: 17
Arctic – Boreal Catchment Studies
Catchment hydrology focuses on the movement of water and solutes from landscapes to waterbodies. Our research addresses questions such as: Where is the stream water coming from? How long did it take to get here? What solutes, nutrients, and/or contaminants did the water pick up along the way? Because streams and lakes gather water and solutes, we can learn about the entire watershed by studying...Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE)
ABoVE: Vulnerability of inland waters and the aquatic carbon cycle to changing permafrost and climate across boreal northwestern North America. Carbon released from thawing permafrost may fuel terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems or contribute to greenhouse gas emission, leading to a potential warming feedback and further thaw.Nome Creek Experimental Watershed
The Nome Creek Experimental Watershed (NCEW) has been the site of multiple studies focused on understanding hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem changes related to permafrost thaw and fire in the boreal forest.Nome Creek Boreal, Fire and Permafrost Hydrology investigations
The Nome Creek Experimental Watershed (NCEW) has been the site of multiple studies focused on understanding hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem changes related to permafrost thaw and fire in the boreal forest. The boreal forest is the Earth’s largest terrestrial biome, and thus plays a major role in biogeochemical cycling, creation of habitat for wildlife, as well as wilderness and resourcesMonitoring Thermokarst on the Landscapes of Northern Alaska
Permafrost – the thick layer of permanently frozen soil found in Arctic regions – has been thawing rapidly over the past century due to climate change. When permafrost thaws unevenly, it produces thermokarst landscapes, irregular surfaces of small hills interspersed with hollows. The processes that produce thermokarst can lead to significant changes within the surrounding ecosystems, altering wate - Data
Filter Total Items: 25
Meteorological Data from Two Locations in the Agashashok River Watershed, Northwestern Alaska, 2015 to 2017
Meteorological data was collected from two locations in the Agashashok River Watershed, one high in the drainage located on tundra (67.5440 N, -161.6828 E) and a second on a rocky knoll near the watershed mouth (67.2821 N, -162.5841 E). The data contain information on air temperatures, rainfall, barometric pressure, relative humidity, incoming and outgoing radiation, and wind speed and direction.Water quality and gas fluxes of Interior Alaska (2014-2018)
This product consists of multiple tabular datasets and associated metadata of water quality information related to rivers, streams, and lakes in the Yukon River watershed between 2014 and 2018. This data release is apart of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) funded Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) and is an assessment of water quality and greenhouse gas fluxes wDescriptions, Depth to Refusal, and Field-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska, 2012-2016
This dataset includes soil data collected from various landscapes adjacent to thaw ponds on the North Slope of Alaska between 2012 and 2018. The landscapes include ice-rich polygonal ground found on basin uplands, as well as bluffs and lake edges. At each site a visual description of soil type and texture was performed, and a permafrost probe was used to determine a 'depth to refusal'. Given thatPhysical, Hydraulic, and Thermal Properties of Soils in the Noatak River Basin, Alaska, 2016
This dataset includes physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of soils collected in two sub-watersheds in the Noatak River Basin in northwestern Alaska. Physical properties include dry bulk density and porosity. Hydraulic properties include field- and lab-based hydraulic conductivity, soil-water retention data, and parameters used in a common soil-water retention model (van Genuchten model). TWater Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Yukon River Basin, Alaska, 2016 and 2017
This data set includes 15-minute interval data on stream temperature, stage, and discharge from low-order streams in the Yukon River Basin in interior Alaska, collected during the summer months. The depth of the water and temperature were determined using a combined pressure transducer and temperature sensor that was deployed through the summer months. Different sensors were used in each stream anNitrogen biogeochemistry in a boreal headwater stream network in Interior Alaska, 2008 to 2011
High latitude, boreal watersheds are nitrogen-limited ecosystems that export large amounts of organic carbon. Key controls on carbon cycling in these environments are the biogeochemical processes affecting the nitrogen cycle. This data release presents results of a 3-year field study from 2008-2011 to document the relation between seasonal and transport-associated changes in carbon and nitrogenWater Level, Temperature, and Discharge of Headwater Streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River Basins, Northwest Alaska, 2015 - 2017
This data set includes 15-minute interval data on stream temperature, stage, and discharge from low-order streams in the Noatak and Kobuk River valleys in Northwestern Alaska, collected during the summer months. Several sites in the Agashashok River basin were monitored in 2015 and 2016, and additional sites were added in 2017. The depth of the water and temperature were determined using a combinePhysical, Chemical, and Invertebrate Data from Chipp North Pond Manipulations, North Slope, Alaska, 2013
These data are in three tables relating to a series of ponds, visited weekly over the summer of 2013, in the Chipp River Basin on the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska. The tables provide: 1) location and description of each of the ponds, 2) physical information on pond characteristics (area, volume, and temperature), water chemistry (electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonium,Influenza A Virus Persistence Data from an Urban Wetland in Anchorage, Alaska, 2018-2019
This dataset is three tables with details of samples and aliquots of waterfowl feces deposited in filtered surface water collected from an urban waterbody in Anchorage, Alaska in 2018-2019. Sample vials were submerged underwater in the same waterbody from which the samples were collected and the samples were tested for the presence and viability of influenza A virus. Temperature data and water cheCarbon Isotope Concentrations in Stream Food Webs of the Arctic Network National Parks, Alaska, 2014-2016
This dataset includes information on the carbon samples that were collected from organic and mineral soils, streams, algae, invertebrates, and fish in the Arctic Network Parks. Carbon cycling in the Arctic is likely influenced by permafrost, which impacts hydrology and the movement of solutes including carbon between soils and stream ecosystems. These samples were collected in order to understaWest Twin Creek Alaska Subsurface Bromide Tracer Experiment, 2015
This data was produced as part of a subsurface tracer experiment performed on a boreal hillslope in July, 2015. The data is separated into three files: 'Well Data.csv' includes the location and depth of well screens, concentrations of the bromide tracer in time, saturation state of the subsurface at the wells, ground cover at the wells, and depth of the organic-mineral boundary which controls shalArctic Coastal Plain Seasonal Lake Drainage, Water Temperature, and Solute and Nutrient Concentrations, 2011 - 2014
This data release includes remotely sensed lake and lake chemistry and water temperature data collected from 2011 to 2014) from a series of lakes on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. Most of the data is from two sites within the Chipp River Basin. - Multimedia
Filter Total Items: 39Example of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sitesExample of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sites
Example of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sites
Example of thawing landscapes and thermokarst at our field sites
Soil tracer applied on burned hillslopeBrian Ebel pours a dye tracer into a pit to observe how water moves through soils on a burned hillslope.
Brian Ebel pours a dye tracer into a pit to observe how water moves through soils on a burned hillslope.
The north fork of the Agashashok RiverThe north fork of the Agashashok River
The north fork of the Agashashok River
The majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, AlaskaThe majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, AlaskaThe majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska. This work is part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thawing (HEAT): Hydrology project that takes place in the Arctic Network Parks.
The majestic Brooks Range in Gates of the Arctic National Park, Alaska. This work is part of the Hydro-Ecology of Arctic Thawing (HEAT): Hydrology project that takes place in the Arctic Network Parks.
A high alpine tributary of the Agashashok RiverA high alpine tributary of the Agashashok River.
A high alpine tributary of the Agashashok River.
Collecting water chemistry samplesRyan collects water chemistry samples during a subsurface tracer experiment while Matt observes.
Ryan collects water chemistry samples during a subsurface tracer experiment while Matt observes.
Meanders on the Agashashok RiverMeanders on the Agashashok River
A tributary at the Agashashok River WatershedA tributary at the arctic-boreal transition in the Agashashok River Watershed
A tributary at the arctic-boreal transition in the Agashashok River Watershed
Wetlands in the Goose Creek WatershedWetlands in the Goose Creek watershed.
Wetlands in the Goose Creek watershed.
West Twin Creek catchment with Table Top MountainThe open black spruce forest of the West Twin Creek catchment with Table Top Mountain in the background
The open black spruce forest of the West Twin Creek catchment with Table Top Mountain in the background
A convective storm on the coastal plain of AlaskaHistorically, the coastal plain of Alaska has been characterized by cloudy or foggy conditions, with only limited summer rain. However, with increasing air temperatures, convective storms are becoming increasingly common.
Historically, the coastal plain of Alaska has been characterized by cloudy or foggy conditions, with only limited summer rain. However, with increasing air temperatures, convective storms are becoming increasingly common.
A degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal PlainA degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal PlainA degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal Plain.
A degrading trough network on the Arctic Coastal Plain.
Thawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal PlainThawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal PlainThawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain. The shape of these ponds influences how their water levels and nutrient concentrations change over the year. These variables in turn influence pond ecosystems and use by waterbirds.
Thawing ice wedges create ponds on the Arctic Coastal Plain. The shape of these ponds influences how their water levels and nutrient concentrations change over the year. These variables in turn influence pond ecosystems and use by waterbirds.
Table Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek CatchmentTable Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek CatchmentTable Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek catchment.
Table Top Mountain and the West Twin Creek catchment.
Using ground penetrating radarColin and Colby use ground penetrating radar to measure the depth to ground ice in the watershed
Colin and Colby use ground penetrating radar to measure the depth to ground ice in the watershed
A stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal PlainA stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal PlainA stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal Plain
A stream winding through polygonal ground on the Arctic Coastal Plain
Collect water chemistry and invertebrates at a degrading trough pondCollect water chemistry and invertebrates at a degrading trough pondResearchers collect water chemistry and invertebrates from a degrading trough pond.
Researchers collect water chemistry and invertebrates from a degrading trough pond.
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 49
Seasonality of solute flux and water source chemistry in a coastal glacierized watershed undergoing rapid change: Wolverine Glacier watershed, Alaska
As glaciers around the world rapidly lose mass, the tight coupling between glaciers and downstream ecosystems is resulting in widespread impacts on global hydrologic and biogeochemical cycling. However, a range of challenges make it difficult to conduct research in glacierized systems and our knowledge of seasonally changing hydrologic processes and solute sources and signatures is limited. This iAuthorsAnna Bergstrom, Joshua C. Koch, Shad O'Neel, Emily BakerStorm-scale and seasonal dynamics of carbon export from a nested subarctic watershed underlain by permafrost
Subarctic catchments underlain by permafrost sequester a major stock of frozen organic carbon (C), which may be mobilized as the Arctic warms. Warming can impact C export from thawing soils by altering the depth and timing of runoff related to changing storm and fire regimes and altered soil thaw depths. We investigated C export in a first order headwater stream (West Twin Creek) and its receivingAuthorsJoshua C. Koch, Mark Dornblaser, Rob StrieglArctic insect emergence timing and composition differs across thaw ponds of varying morphology
Freshwater ponds provide habitats for aquatic insects that emerge and subsidize consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. In the Arctic, insects provide an important seasonal source of energy to birds that breed and rear young on the tundra. The abundance and timing of insect emergence from arctic thaw ponds is poorly understood, but understanding these fluxes is important, given the role of insects inAuthorsSarah M. Laske, Kirsty E. B. Gurney, Joshua C. Koch, Joel A. Schmutz, Mark S. WipfliNitrogen biogeochemistry in a boreal headwater stream network in interior Alaska
High latitude, boreal watersheds are nitrogen (N)-limited ecosystems that export large amounts of organic carbon (C). Key controls on C cycling in these environments are the biogeochemical processes affecting the N cycle. A study was conducted in Nome Creek, an upland headwater tributary of the Yukon River, and two first-order tributaries to Nome Creek, to examine the relation between seasonalAuthorsRichard L. Smith, Deborah A. Repert, Joshua C. KochUSGS permafrost research determines the risks of permafrost thaw to biologic and hydrologic resources
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in collaboration with university, Federal, Tribal, and independent partners, conducts fundamental research on the distribution, vulnerability, and importance of permafrost in arctic and boreal ecosystems. Scientists, land managers, and policy makers use USGS data to help make decisions for development, wildlife habitat, and other needs. Native villages and citiesAuthorsMark P. Waldrop, Lesleigh Anderson, Mark Dornblaser, Li H. Erikson, Ann E. Gibbs, Nicole M. Herman-Mercer, Stephanie R. James, Miriam C. Jones, Joshua C. Koch, Mary-Cathrine Leewis, Kristen L. Manies, Burke J. Minsley, Neal J. Pastick, Vijay Patil, Frank Urban, Michelle A. Walvoord, Kimberly P. Wickland, Christian ZimmermanByNatural Hazards Mission Area, Water Resources Mission Area, Climate Research and Development Program, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Land Change Science Program, Volcano Hazards Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Volcano Science CenterPermafrost promotes shallow groundwater flow and warmer headwater streams
The presence of permafrost influences the flow paths of water through Arctic landscapes and thereby has the potential to impact stream discharge and thermal regimes. Observations from eleven headwater streams in Alaska showed that July water temperatures were higher in catchments with more near‐surface permafrost. We apply a fully coupled cryohydrology model to investigate if the impact of permafrAuthorsYlva Sjöberg, Adam K. Janke, S Painter, E. Coonradt, Michael P. Carey, Jonathan A. O'Donnell, Joshua C. KochCarbon dioxide and methane flux in a dynamic Arctic tundra landscape: Decadal‐scale impacts of ice wedge degradation and stabilization
Ice wedge degradation is a widespread occurrence across the circumpolar Arctic causing extreme spatial heterogeneity in water distribution, vegetation, and energy balance across landscapes. These heterogeneities influence carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes, yet there is little understanding of how they effect change in landscape‐level carbon (C) gas flux over time. We measured CO2 and CAuthorsKimberly P. Wickland, M.Torre Jorgenson, Joshua C. Koch, Mikhail Z. Kanevskiy, Robert G. StrieglFish growth rates and lake sulphate explain variation in mercury levels in ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska
Mercury concentrations in freshwater food webs are governed by complex biogeochemical and ecological interactions that spatially vary and are often mediated by climate. The Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska (ACP) is a heterogeneous, lake-rich landscape where variability in mercury accumulation is poorly understood. Earlier research indicated that the level of catchment influence on lakes varied spatiAuthorsSamantha M. Burke, Christian E. Zimmerman, Sarah M. Laske, Joshua C. Koch, Allison M. Derry, Stephanie Guernon, Brian A. Branfireun, Heidi K. SwansonField-based method for assessing duration of infectivity for influenza A viruses in the environment
Understanding influenza A virus (IAV) persistence in wetlands is limited by a paucity of field studies relating to the maintenance of infectivity over time. The duration of IAV infectivity in water has been assessed under variable laboratory conditions, but results are difficult to translate to more complex field conditions. We tested a field-based method to assess the viability of IAVs in an AlasAuthorsAndrew B. Reeves, Andrew M. Ramey, Joshua C. Koch, Rebecca L. Poulson, David E. StallknechtPermafrost hydrology drives the assimilation of old carbon by stream food webs in the Arctic
Permafrost thaw in the Arctic is mobilizing old carbon (C) from soils to aquatic ecosystems and the atmosphere. Little is known, however, about the assimilation of old C by aquatic food webs in Arctic watersheds. Here, we used C isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) to quantify C assimilation by biota across 12 streams in arctic Alaska. Streams spanned watersheds with varying permafrost hydrology, from ice-poor bAuthorsJonathon A O'Donnell, Michael P. Carey, Joshua C. Koch, Xiaomei Xu, Brett Poulin, Jennifer Walker, Christian E. ZimmermanSoil physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties in interior Alaska, USA: Implications for hydrologic response to thawing permafrost conditions
Boreal forest regions are a focal point for investigations of coupled water and biogeochemical fluxes in response to wildfire disturbances, climate warming, and permafrost thaw. Soil hydraulic, physical, and thermal property measurements for mineral soils in permafrost regions are limited, despite substantial influences on cryohydrogeologic model results. This work expands mineral soil property quAuthorsBrian A. Ebel, Joshua C. Koch, Michelle A. WalvoordIce wedge degradation and stabilization impacts water budgets and nutrient cycling in Arctic trough ponds
Trough ponds are ubiquitous features of Arctic landscapes and an important component of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Permafrost thaw causes ground subsidence, creating depressions that gather water, creating ponds. Permafrost thaw also releases solutes and nutrients, which may fertilize these newly formed ponds. We measured water budget elements and chloride, ammonium, and dissolved organic nitrAuthorsJoshua C. Koch, M. Torre Jorgenson, Kimberly P. Wickland, Mikhail Z. Kanevskiy, Robert G. Striegl - Web Tools
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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government