Aerial view of the Iron Gate Dam and Hatchery along the Klamath River near Hornbrook, California. A series of hydroelectric facilities (JC Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2, and Iron Gate) separate the Klamath River into upper and lower basins.
Liam Schenk
Liam Schenk is a Science Advisor at the USGS Oregon Water Science Center.
Liam has been a hydrologist with the Oregon Water Science center since 2011, with prior work as a hydrologic technician and hydrologist at the USGS Arkansas Water Science Center from 2008-2011. Liam conducts and collaborates on water quality and hydrologic studies in cooperation with federal, state, and local agencies and tribal organizations.
At the Oregon WSC, Liam is a member of the surface water team and conducts a variety of studies in both fluvial and lentic environments on water quality, sediment and nutrient transport, sediment fingerprinting, sediment transport during deep reservoir drawdowns, and mercury in surface waters. He has worked on projects across Oregon, including in the the Upper Willamette, Deschutes, Malheur, and Klamath basins.
Much of Liam's research is focused on the upper Klamath Basin, evaluating water quality dynamics in Upper Klamath Lake, and assessing nutrient and sediment loading into the lake using turbidity and acoustic backscatter surrogate models and multi-variate weighted regression models. Liam is also evaluating physical variables that effect water quality in upper Klamath Lake using machine learning models, and is on the USGS research team evaluating sediment budgets on the lower Klamath River prior to the anticipated removal of four hydroelectric dams.
Education and Certifications
B.Sc. in Mining Engineering from Colorado School of Mines
M.S. in Geology from the University of Arkansas
Science and Products
Klamath Dam Removal Studies
Sediment Fingerprinting in the Upper Klamath Basin
Klamath Basin Studies
Nutrient and Sediment Loading to Upper Klamath Lake
Nutrient Loading to Lost River and Klamath River Subbasins
Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Concentration Data from a Laboratory Mixing Tank Experiment 2023
Input and results from boosted regression tree and artificial neural network models that predict daily maximum pH and daily minimum dissolved oxygen in Upper Klamath Lake, 2005-2019
Model Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at USGS site 11502500, Williamson River below Sprague River near Chiloquin, OR
Model Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at station 11501000, Sprague River near Chiloquin, OR WY 2008-2017 revision and computation for WY 2008-2020
Bed material grain size distributions for surficial samples from Iron Gate, Copco, and J.C. Boyle Reservoirs
Aerial view of the Iron Gate Dam and Hatchery along the Klamath River near Hornbrook, California. A series of hydroelectric facilities (JC Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2, and Iron Gate) separate the Klamath River into upper and lower basins.
Examining the effect of physicochemical and meteorological variables on water quality indicators of harmful algal blooms in a shallow hypereutrophic lake using machine learning techniques
Sediment transport, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen responses to annual streambed drawdowns for downstream fish passage in a flood control reservoir
Effects of harmful algal blooms and associated water-quality on endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers
Monitoring the effect of deep drawdowns of a flood control reservoir on sediment transport and dissolved oxygen, Fall Creek Lake, Oregon
Differentiating sediment sources using sediment fingerprinting techniques, in the Sprague River Basin, South-Central Oregon
Refining the Baseline Sediment Budget for the Klamath River, California
Four dams in the Klamath River Hydroelectric Project (KHP) in Oregon and California (Figure 1) are currently scheduled to be removed over a period of a few weeks or months, beginning in January 2021. The Klamath dam removal will be the largest in the world by almost all measures, and is an unprecedented opportunity to advance science of river responses to such events. The KHP contains approximatel
Nutrient loads in the Lost River and Klamath River Basins, south-central Oregon and northern California, March 2012–March 2015
Evaluating external nutrient and suspended-sediment loads to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, using surrogate regressions with real-time turbidity and acoustic backscatter data
Comparison of mercury mass loading in streams to atmospheric deposition in watersheds of Western North America: Evidence for non-atmospheric mercury sources
Assessment of suspended-sediment transport, bedload, and dissolved oxygen during a short-term drawdown of Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, winter 2012-13
Water-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2009-10
Science and Products
- Science
Klamath Dam Removal Studies
The USGS is collecting continuous and discrete monitoring data to document baseline conditions and physical responses in downstream river reaches before, during, and after dam removal. These monitoring data will be integral for post-removal assessments and collaborations with basin partners.Sediment Fingerprinting in the Upper Klamath Basin
Sediment fingerprinting has been used successfully to identify land uses that are the major sources of sediment. This study will apply these techniques in a predominantly rural, volcanic landscape.Klamath Basin Studies
In 1992, the USGS began studying possible causes for the change in trophic status of Upper Klamath Lake. Since then research has expanded to include groundwater, geomorphology, streamflow forecasting, and fish ecology.Nutrient and Sediment Loading to Upper Klamath Lake
The USGS employs state-of-the-science techniques to estimate nutrient and suspended-sediment loads to Upper Klamath Lake.Nutrient Loading to Lost River and Klamath River Subbasins
The USGS has characterized nutrient concentrations in the Klamath River and Lost River drainages over multiple years, identified spatial and temporal patterns in nutrient and organic carbon concentrations, and quantified surface water nutrient loads entering and exiting the Klamath Project. - Data
Turbidity and Suspended Sediment Concentration Data from a Laboratory Mixing Tank Experiment 2023
Four dams on the Klamath River that created Iron Gate Reservoir and Copco Lake in Siskiyou County, California, and John C. Boyle Reservoir, in Klamath County, Oregon, are scheduled for removal in early 2024. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) will deploy high-range turbidity sensors to compute continuous suspended sediment concentration (SSC) before, during, and following the scheduled dam removalsInput and results from boosted regression tree and artificial neural network models that predict daily maximum pH and daily minimum dissolved oxygen in Upper Klamath Lake, 2005-2019
This data release contains the model inputs, outputs, and source code (written in R) for the boosted regression tree (BRT) and artificial neural network (ANN) models developed for four sites in Upper Klamath Lake which were used to simulate daily maximum pH and daily minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) from May 18th to October 4th in 2005-12 and 2015-19 at four sites, and to evaluate variable effects anModel Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at USGS site 11502500, Williamson River below Sprague River near Chiloquin, OR
This model archive summary (MAS) is a model update to an existing log-transformed turbidity-suspended sediment concentration (SSC) regression model computing SSC for water year (WY) 2008-2017. This model supersedes all models prior to Oct 1, 2017 and includes a new model for WY 2018-2020. The methods used follow USGS guidance as referenced in Office of Surface Water (OSW)/Office of Water Quality (Model Archive Summary for Suspended-Sediment Concentration at station 11501000, Sprague River near Chiloquin, OR WY 2008-2017 revision and computation for WY 2008-2020
This model archive summary (MAS) documents the revision of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) unit and daily values computed from WY 2008-2017, and the additional computation of SSC unit values from WY 2018-2020 using a new log-transformed regression model with SSC samples from the period of record at this site. The new, revised model computes SSC unit values for WY 2008-2020. This model superBed material grain size distributions for surficial samples from Iron Gate, Copco, and J.C. Boyle Reservoirs
This product summarizes the collection and analysis of bed material sample grain size distribution collected from the Iron Gate, Copco, and J.C. Boyle Reservoirs located in Northern California and Southern Oregon on the Klamath River. Samples were collected on June 16, 2020 from cores (less than 1m depth) and processed for the full size distribution. - Multimedia
Iron Gate Dam and Hatchery, Klamath River, CaliforniaIron Gate Dam and Hatchery, Klamath River, California
Aerial view of the Iron Gate Dam and Hatchery along the Klamath River near Hornbrook, California. A series of hydroelectric facilities (JC Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2, and Iron Gate) separate the Klamath River into upper and lower basins.
Aerial view of the Iron Gate Dam and Hatchery along the Klamath River near Hornbrook, California. A series of hydroelectric facilities (JC Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2, and Iron Gate) separate the Klamath River into upper and lower basins.
- Publications
Examining the effect of physicochemical and meteorological variables on water quality indicators of harmful algal blooms in a shallow hypereutrophic lake using machine learning techniques
Two independent machine learning techniques, boosted regression trees and artificial neural networks, were used to examine the physicochemical and meteorological variables that affect the seasonal growth and decline of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in a shallow, hypereutrophic lake in southern Oregon. High temporal resolution data collected at four monitoring locations were aggregated into daily timAuthorsSusan Wherry, Liam N. SchenkSediment transport, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen responses to annual streambed drawdowns for downstream fish passage in a flood control reservoir
Sediment transport, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen were evaluated during six consecutive water years (2013–2018) of drawdowns of a flood control reservoir in the upper Willamette Valley, Oregon, USA. The drawdowns were conducted to allow volitional passage of endangered juvenile chinook salmon through the dam's regulating outlets by lowering the reservoir elevation to a point where the historicalAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Heather M. BraggEffects of harmful algal blooms and associated water-quality on endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers
Anthropogenic eutrophication contributes to harmful blooms of cyanobacteria in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. In Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, massive blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and smaller blooms of other cyanobacteria are associated with cyanotoxins, hypoxia, high pH, high concentrations of ammonia, and potentially hypercapnia. Recovery of the endangered Lost River sucker Deltistes luxatAuthorsSummer M. Burdick, David A. Hewitt, Barbara A. Martin, Liam N. Schenk, Stewart A. RoundsMonitoring the effect of deep drawdowns of a flood control reservoir on sediment transport and dissolved oxygen, Fall Creek Lake, Oregon
Annual reservoir drawdowns at Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, have occurred for eight consecutive years from December 2012 to November 2019. The annual drawdowns are the result of the 2008 Biological Opinion of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Willamette Valley Project operations, which directed the USACE to carry out interim operational measures that would provide volitional downstream passage forAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Heather M. BraggDifferentiating sediment sources using sediment fingerprinting techniques, in the Sprague River Basin, South-Central Oregon
Identifying sources of sediment to streams in the Sprague River Basin, in south-central Oregon, is important for restoration efforts that are focused on reducing sediment erosion and transport. Reducing sediment loads in these streams also contributes to compliance with the total maximum daily load reduction requirements for total phosphorus in this basin. In the Sprague River Basin, phosphorus ocAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Tessa M. Harden, Julia K. KelsonRefining the Baseline Sediment Budget for the Klamath River, California
Four dams in the Klamath River Hydroelectric Project (KHP) in Oregon and California (Figure 1) are currently scheduled to be removed over a period of a few weeks or months, beginning in January 2021. The Klamath dam removal will be the largest in the world by almost all measures, and is an unprecedented opportunity to advance science of river responses to such events. The KHP contains approximatel
AuthorsChauncey W. Anderson, Scott A. Wright, Liam N. Schenk, Katherine Skalak, Jennifer A. Curtis, Amy E. East, Adam BenthemNutrient loads in the Lost River and Klamath River Basins, south-central Oregon and northern California, March 2012–March 2015
The U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Reclamation collected water-quality data from March 2012 to March 2015 at locations in the Lost River and Klamath River Basins, Oregon, in an effort to characterize water quality and compute a nutrient budget for the Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Reclamation Project. The study described in this report resulted in the following significant findings:Total phoAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Marc A. Stewart, Sara L. Caldwell EldridgeEvaluating external nutrient and suspended-sediment loads to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, using surrogate regressions with real-time turbidity and acoustic backscatter data
Executive SummarySuspended-sediment and total phosphorus loads were computed for two sites in the Upper Klamath Basin on the Wood and Williamson Rivers, the two main tributaries to Upper Klamath Lake. High temporal resolution turbidity and acoustic backscatter data were used to develop surrogate regression models to compute instantaneous concentrations and loads on these rivers. Regression modelsAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Chauncey W. Anderson, Paul Diaz, Marc A. StewartComparison of mercury mass loading in streams to atmospheric deposition in watersheds of Western North America: Evidence for non-atmospheric mercury sources
Annual stream loads of mercury (Hg) and inputs of wet and dry atmospheric Hg deposition to the landscape were investigated in watersheds of the Western United States and the Canadian-Alaskan Arctic. Mercury concentration and discharge data from flow gauging stations were used to compute annual mass loads with regression models. Measured wet and modeled dry deposition were compared to annual streamAuthorsJoseph L. Domagalski, Michael S. Majewski, Charles N. Alpers, Chris S. Eckley, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Liam N. Schenk, Susan WherryAssessment of suspended-sediment transport, bedload, and dissolved oxygen during a short-term drawdown of Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, winter 2012-13
The drawdown of Fall Creek Lake resulted in the net transport of approximately 50,300 tons of sediment from the lake during a 6-day drawdown operation, based on computed daily values of suspended-sediment load downstream of Fall Creek Dam and the two main tributaries to Fall Creek Lake. A suspended-sediment budget calculated for 72 days of the study period indicates that as a result of drawdown oAuthorsLiam N. Schenk, Heather M. BraggWater-quality data from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, 2009-10
The U.S. Geological Survey Upper Klamath Lake water-quality monitoring program collected data from multiparameter continuous water-quality monitors, weekly water-quality samples, and meteorological stations during 2009 and 2010 from May through November each year. The results of these measurements and sample analyses, as well as quality-control data for the water-quality samples, are presented inAuthorsD. Blake Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell Eldridge, Liam N. Schenk, Dwight Q. Tanner, Tamara M. Wood - News