Mark Gaikowski
Mark Gaikowski holds a M.A. and a B.S. in Biology from the University of South Dakota.
Mark has served as the Director of the U.S. Geological Survey's Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center since 2014. As Director, Mark is responsible for leading research scientists based in La Crosse, Wisconsin, whose work spans scales from the molecular level to continental modeling.
Before becoming Center Director at UMESC, Mark was a supervisory biologist and branch chief of a research branch at UMESC focused primarily on management of aquatic invasive species and the development of drugs and chemicals used in aquaculture and fisheries management. Prior to that, Mark was a research physiologist at UMESC leading studies to assess the efficacy, animal safety, human food safety and environmental safety of aquaculture drugs. Mark's research supported the approval of three new drugs for use in U.S. aquaculture and supported expanded drug labels of two other drugs. His professional interests include understanding the impact and management of biological threats in natural and managed systems and the toxicology and pharmacology of exogenous compounds in fish and other aquatic organisms.
Science and Products
Safety of florfenicol administered in feed to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Molecular responses differ between sensitive silver carp and tolerant bighead carp and bigmouth buffalo exposed to rotenone
New aquaculture drugs under FDA review
Assessing consumption of bioactive micro-particles by filter-feeding Asian carp
Aquaculture drugs: drug approval research on 17 a-methyltestosterone (official transfer to 17 a-Methyltestosterone (MT) analytical method for feed)
Depletion of florfenicol amine, marker residue of florfenicol, from the edible fillet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. niloticus and O. niloticus x O. aureus) following florfenicol administration in feed
Effects of water hardness on size and hatching success of silver carp eggs
Histopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Iodophor Disinfection of Walleye and Northern Pike Eggs to Eliminate Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Survival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure
Chronic toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna in a continuous exposure, flow-through test system
Avoidance behavior of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) exposed to Bayluscide 3.2% Granular Sea Lamprey Larvicide
Science and Products
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Filter Total Items: 72
Safety of florfenicol administered in feed to tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
The safety of Aquaflor® (50% w/w florfenicol [FFC]) incorporated in feed then administered to tilapia for 20 days (2x the recommended duration) at 0, 15, 45, or 75 mg/kg body weight/day (0, 1, 3, or 5x the recommended dose of 15 mg FFC/kg BW/d) was investigated. Mortality, behavioral change, feed consumption, body size, and gross and microscopic lesions were determined. Estimated delivered doses wAuthorsMark P. Gaikowski, Jeffrey C. Wolf, Susan M. Schleis, Darrell Tuomari, Richard G. EndrisMolecular responses differ between sensitive silver carp and tolerant bighead carp and bigmouth buffalo exposed to rotenone
Some species of fish are more tolerant of rotenone, a commonly used non-specific piscicide, than others. This species-specific tolerance to rotenone has been thought to be associated with the uptake and the efficiency at which the chemical is detoxified. However, rotenone stimulates oxidative stress and superoxides, which are also toxic. Understanding the modes in which fish physiologically responAuthorsJon J. Amberg, Theresa M. Schreier, Mark P. GaikowskiNew aquaculture drugs under FDA review
Only eight active pharmaceutical ingredients available in 18 drug products have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in aquaculture. The approval process can be lengthy and expensive, but several new drugs and label claims are under review. Progress has been made on approvals for Halamid (chloramine-T), Aquaflor (florfenicol) and 35% PeroxAid (hydrogen peroxide) as therapAuthorsJames D. Bowker, Mark P. GaikowskiAssessing consumption of bioactive micro-particles by filter-feeding Asian carp
Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (SVC) and bighead carp H. nobilis (BHC) have impacted waters in the US since their escape. Current chemical controls for aquatic nuisance species are non-selective. Development of a bioactive micro-particle that exploits filter-feeding habits of SVC or BHC could result in a new control tool. It is not fully understood if SVC or BHC will consume bioactive micAuthorsNathan R. Jensen, Jon J. Amberg, James A. Luoma, Liza R. Walleser, Mark P. GaikowskiAquaculture drugs: drug approval research on 17 a-methyltestosterone (official transfer to 17 a-Methyltestosterone (MT) analytical method for feed)
No abstract available.AuthorsMark Gaikowski, Nilmini WijewickremeDepletion of florfenicol amine, marker residue of florfenicol, from the edible fillet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. niloticus and O. niloticus x O. aureus) following florfenicol administration in feed
Aquaflor??, a 50% feed premix containing the broad spectrum antibacterial agent florfenicol is available globally to control mortality associated with economically significant systemic bacterial diseases of fish. Florfenicol (FFC) is effective in controlling mortality associated with Streptococcus iniae in tilapia Oreochromis sp. when administered in medicated feed at a dose of 15 mg/kg bodyweightAuthorsM.P. Gaikowski, M. Mushtaq, P. Cassidy, J.R. Meinertz, S.M. Schleis, D. Sweeney, R.G. EndrisEffects of water hardness on size and hatching success of silver carp eggs
Eggs of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix absorb water after release from the female, causing them to become turgid and to increase substantially in size. The volume of water that diffuses within an egg is most likely determined by (1) the difference in ionic concentration between the egg and the water that surrounds it and (2) the elasticity of the egg membrane. Prior observations suggest tAuthorsJeff J. Rach, Greg G. Sass, James A. Luoma, Mark P. GaikowskiHistopathology of repeated, intermittent exposure of chloramine-T to walleye (Sander vitreum) and (Ictalurus punctalus) channel catfish
Chloramine-T (Cl-T) has been used safely and effectively to control bacterial gill disease in salmonids at a maximum exposure regimen of up to four consecutive, once-daily exposures administered for 60??min at 20??mg/L. However, data to document safe treatment concentrations of Cl-T are lacking for freshwater-reared fish other than salmonids. We report the histopathology resultant from the adminisAuthorsM.P. Gaikowski, Christine L. Densmore, V. S. BlazerEvaluation of the Efficacy of Iodophor Disinfection of Walleye and Northern Pike Eggs to Eliminate Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSv) is a serious fish pathogen that has been responsible for large-scale fish kills in the Great Lakes since 2005. It causes high mortality and resulting outbreaks have severe economic consequences for aquaculture. Iodophor disinfection of salmonid eggs is a standard hatchery practice to reduce the risk of pathogen transfer during gamete collection ('spawning'AuthorsM.T. Tuttle-Lau, K.A. Phillips, M.P. GaikowskiSurvival of cool and warm freshwater fish following chloramine-T exposure
Chloramine-T is presently available in the USA to control mortalities associated with bacterial gill disease or external columnaris only through an Investigational New Animal Drug Permit authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Its US approval hinges on FDA's acceptance of several key data, including those describing animal safety. Chloramine-T is presently applied in US aquaculturAuthorsM.P. Gaikowski, W.J. Larson, W.H. GingerichChronic toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to Daphnia magna in a continuous exposure, flow-through test system
A flow-through, continuous exposure test system was developed to expose Daphnia magna to an unstable compound. 35% Perox-Aid?? is a specially formulated hydrogen peroxide (a highly oxidative chemical) product approved for use in U.S. aquaculture and therefore has the potential to be released from aquaculture facilities and pose a risk to aquatic invertebrates. The study objective was to assess theAuthorsJ.R. Meinertz, Shari L. Greseth, M.P. Gaikowski, L.J. SchmidtAvoidance behavior of juvenile lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) exposed to Bayluscide 3.2% Granular Sea Lamprey Larvicide
Avoidance of juvenile lake sturgeons < 100 mm in length in response to application of the Bayluscide 3.2% Granular Sea Lamprey Larvicide was assessed. Clear plexiglas columns (107 cm in height, 30.5 cm in diameter) to evaluate the potential for the normally bottom-dwelling fishes to move vertically in the water column to avoid niclosamide dissolving from the Bayluscide granules. Vertical migrationAuthorsMichael A Boogaard, Jane E Rivera, Mark P Gaikowski - Science
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