At the time of its occurrence, the 1994 Northridge earthquake produced one of the most comprehensive datasets of earthquake ground motion recordings to date. In spite of this, the spatial locations of instrumental observations do not provide sufficient resolution to fully visualize many of the important ground shaking features that occurred during this earthquake.
Robert W Graves
Rob Graves is a geophysicist in the Earthquake Hazards Program.
Science and Products
Broadband Ground Motion Simulations for 12 California Region Earthquakes
This Data Release consists of broadband ground motion simulations for 12 California region earthquakes. The ground motion simulations were done as part of a validation study that is described in more detail in Graves (2022). These simulations were computed using a hybrid simulation methodology (hereafter referred to as GP). The GP approach is a hybrid in that separate responses are computed for th
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
At the time of its occurrence, the 1994 Northridge earthquake produced one of the most comprehensive datasets of earthquake ground motion recordings to date. In spite of this, the spatial locations of instrumental observations do not provide sufficient resolution to fully visualize many of the important ground shaking features that occurred during this earthquake.
Filter Total Items: 43
Comparison of nonergodic ground-motion components from CyberShake and NGA-West2 datasets in California
In this study, we compare the Southern California Earthquake Center CyberShake platform against the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 empirical datasets. Because the CyberShake and empirical datasets cover very different magnitude ranges and site conditions, we develop ground‐motion models (GMMs) for CyberShake datasets to compare trends with empirical GMMs and decompose the residuals for further
Authors
Xiaofeng Meng, Christine Goulet, Kevin R. Milner, Robert Graves, Scott Callaghan
Using a grid-search approach to validate the Graves-Pitarka broadband simulation method
This work assesses the ability of the Graves–Pitarka simulation approach to reproduce observed ground motions for 12 California and Baja California earthquakes. A total of 240 realizations are computed for each earthquake and compared with recorded strong motions from near-fault sites. In addition to spatial variability in slip, each realization samples from discrete combinations of average ruptur
Authors
Robert Graves
Hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation validation of small magnitude active shallow crustal earthquakes in New Zealand
This article presents a comprehensive validation of the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation approach (via the commonly used Graves and Pitarka method) in a New Zealand context with small magnitude point source ruptures using an extensive set of 5218 ground motions recorded at 212 sites from 479 active shallow crustal earthquakes across the country. Modifications to the simulation method infe
Authors
Robin L. Lee, Brendon A. Bradley, Peter J. Stafford, Robert Graves, Adrian Rodriguez-Marek
Validating predicted site response in sedimentary basins from 3D ground motion simulations
We introduce procedures to validate site response in sedimentary basins as predicted using ground motion simulations. These procedures aim to isolate contributions of site response to computed intensity measures relative to those from seismic source and path effects. In one of the validation procedures, simulated motions are analyzed in the same manner as earthquake recordings to derive non-ergodi
Authors
Chukwuebuka C Nweke, Jonathan P. Stewart, Robert Graves, Christine A. Goulet, Scott J Brandenberg
Refinements to the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generator, including a dynamically consistent slip‐rate function, applied to the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake
The main objective of this study is to develop physics‐based constraints on the spatiotemporal variation of the slip‐rate function using a simplified dynamic rupture model. First, we performed dynamic rupture modeling of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake, to analyze the effects of depth‐dependent stress and material friction on slip rate. Then, we used our modeling results to guid
Authors
Arben Pitarka, Robert Graves, Kojiro Irikura, Ken Miyakoshi, Changjiang Wu, Hiroshi Kawase, Arthur Rodgers, David McCallen
NGA-East Ground-Motion Characterization model part I: Summary of products and model development
In this article, we present an overview of the research project NGA-East, Next Generation Attenuation for Central and Eastern North America (CENA), and summarize the key methodology and products. The project was tasked with developing a new ground motion characterization (GMC) model for CENA. The final NGA-East GMC model includes a set of 17 median ground motion models (GMMs) for peak ground accel
Authors
Christine A. Goulet, Yousef Bozorgnia, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Youngs, Robert Graves, Gail M. Atkinson
NGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications
As a companion article to Goulet et al., we describe implementation of the NGA-East ground motion characterization (GMC) model in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for sites in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). We present extensions to the EPRI/DOE/NRC seismic source characterization (SSC) model for the CEUS needed for full implementation of NGA-East. Comparisons are present
Authors
Robert Youngs, Christine A. Goulet, Yousef Bozorgnia, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Graves, Gail M. Atkinson
Ground motions in urban Los Angeles from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence
We study ground-motion response in urban Los Angeles during the two largest events (M7.1 and M6.4) of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence using recordings from multiple regional seismic networks as well as a subset of 350 stations from the much denser Community Seismic Network. In the first part of our study, we examine the observed response spectral (pseudo) accelerations for a selection of p
Authors
Filippos Filippitzis, Monica Kohler, Tom Heaton, Robert Graves, Robert W. Clayton, Richard G. Guy, J. J. Bunn, K. M. Chandy
Regional calibration of hybrid ground‐motion simulations in moderate seismicity areas: Application to the Upper Rhine Graben
This study presents the coupling of the spectral decomposition results for anelastic attenuation, stress drop, and site effects with the Graves‐Pitarka (GP) hybrid ground‐motion simulation methodology, as implemented on the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) broadband platform (BBP). It is targeted to applications in the Upper Rhine graben (URG), which is among the seismically active are
Authors
Hoby N. T. Razafindrakoto, Fabrice Cotton, Dino Bindi, Marco Pilz, Robert Graves, Sanjay Bora
Tall building performance-based seismic design using SCEC broadband platform site-specific ground motion simulations
The scarcity of strong ground motion records presents a challenge for making reliable performance assessments of tall buildings whose seismic design is controlled by large-magnitude and close-distance earthquakes. This challenge can be addressed using broadband ground-motion simulation methods to generate records with site-specific characteristics of large-magnitude events. In this paper, simulate
Authors
Kuanshi Zhong, Ting Lin, Greg Deierlein, Robert Graves, Fabio Silva, Nicolas Luco
Shallow basin structure and attenuation are key to predicting long shaking duration in Los Angeles Basin
Ground motions in the Los Angeles Basin during large earthquakes are modulated by earthquake ruptures, path effects into the basin, basin effects, and local site response. We analyzed the direct effect of shallow basin structures on shaking duration at a period of 2–10 s in the Los Angeles region through modeling small magnitude, shallow, and deep earthquake pairs. The source depth modulates the b
Authors
Voon H Lai, Robert Graves, Chunquan Yu, Zhongwen Zhan, Don Helmberger
The 1933 Long Beach Earthquake (California, USA): Ground motions and rupture scenario
We present a synoptic analysis of the ground motions from the 11 March 1933 Mw 6.4 Long Beach, California, earthquake, the largest known earthquake within the central Los Angeles Basin region. Our inferred shaking intensity pattern supports the association of the earthquake with the Newport-Inglewood fault; it further illuminates the concentration of severe damage in the town of Compton, where acc
Authors
Susan E. Hough, Robert Graves
Science and Products
- Data
Broadband Ground Motion Simulations for 12 California Region Earthquakes
This Data Release consists of broadband ground motion simulations for 12 California region earthquakes. The ground motion simulations were done as part of a validation study that is described in more detail in Graves (2022). These simulations were computed using a hybrid simulation methodology (hereafter referred to as GP). The GP approach is a hybrid in that separate responses are computed for th - Multimedia
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
ShakeMovie Computer Simulation of the M6.7 1994 Northridge, CA Earthquake
At the time of its occurrence, the 1994 Northridge earthquake produced one of the most comprehensive datasets of earthquake ground motion recordings to date. In spite of this, the spatial locations of instrumental observations do not provide sufficient resolution to fully visualize many of the important ground shaking features that occurred during this earthquake.
At the time of its occurrence, the 1994 Northridge earthquake produced one of the most comprehensive datasets of earthquake ground motion recordings to date. In spite of this, the spatial locations of instrumental observations do not provide sufficient resolution to fully visualize many of the important ground shaking features that occurred during this earthquake.
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 43
Comparison of nonergodic ground-motion components from CyberShake and NGA-West2 datasets in California
In this study, we compare the Southern California Earthquake Center CyberShake platform against the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 empirical datasets. Because the CyberShake and empirical datasets cover very different magnitude ranges and site conditions, we develop ground‐motion models (GMMs) for CyberShake datasets to compare trends with empirical GMMs and decompose the residuals for furtherAuthorsXiaofeng Meng, Christine Goulet, Kevin R. Milner, Robert Graves, Scott CallaghanUsing a grid-search approach to validate the Graves-Pitarka broadband simulation method
This work assesses the ability of the Graves–Pitarka simulation approach to reproduce observed ground motions for 12 California and Baja California earthquakes. A total of 240 realizations are computed for each earthquake and compared with recorded strong motions from near-fault sites. In addition to spatial variability in slip, each realization samples from discrete combinations of average rupturAuthorsRobert GravesHybrid broadband ground-motion simulation validation of small magnitude active shallow crustal earthquakes in New Zealand
This article presents a comprehensive validation of the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation approach (via the commonly used Graves and Pitarka method) in a New Zealand context with small magnitude point source ruptures using an extensive set of 5218 ground motions recorded at 212 sites from 479 active shallow crustal earthquakes across the country. Modifications to the simulation method infeAuthorsRobin L. Lee, Brendon A. Bradley, Peter J. Stafford, Robert Graves, Adrian Rodriguez-MarekValidating predicted site response in sedimentary basins from 3D ground motion simulations
We introduce procedures to validate site response in sedimentary basins as predicted using ground motion simulations. These procedures aim to isolate contributions of site response to computed intensity measures relative to those from seismic source and path effects. In one of the validation procedures, simulated motions are analyzed in the same manner as earthquake recordings to derive non-ergodiAuthorsChukwuebuka C Nweke, Jonathan P. Stewart, Robert Graves, Christine A. Goulet, Scott J BrandenbergRefinements to the Graves–Pitarka kinematic rupture generator, including a dynamically consistent slip‐rate function, applied to the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake
The main objective of this study is to develop physics‐based constraints on the spatiotemporal variation of the slip‐rate function using a simplified dynamic rupture model. First, we performed dynamic rupture modeling of the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake, to analyze the effects of depth‐dependent stress and material friction on slip rate. Then, we used our modeling results to guidAuthorsArben Pitarka, Robert Graves, Kojiro Irikura, Ken Miyakoshi, Changjiang Wu, Hiroshi Kawase, Arthur Rodgers, David McCallenNGA-East Ground-Motion Characterization model part I: Summary of products and model development
In this article, we present an overview of the research project NGA-East, Next Generation Attenuation for Central and Eastern North America (CENA), and summarize the key methodology and products. The project was tasked with developing a new ground motion characterization (GMC) model for CENA. The final NGA-East GMC model includes a set of 17 median ground motion models (GMMs) for peak ground accelAuthorsChristine A. Goulet, Yousef Bozorgnia, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Youngs, Robert Graves, Gail M. AtkinsonNGA-East ground-motion characterization model Part II: Implementation and hazard implications
As a companion article to Goulet et al., we describe implementation of the NGA-East ground motion characterization (GMC) model in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for sites in the Central and Eastern United States (CEUS). We present extensions to the EPRI/DOE/NRC seismic source characterization (SSC) model for the CEUS needed for full implementation of NGA-East. Comparisons are presentAuthorsRobert Youngs, Christine A. Goulet, Yousef Bozorgnia, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Graves, Gail M. AtkinsonGround motions in urban Los Angeles from the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence
We study ground-motion response in urban Los Angeles during the two largest events (M7.1 and M6.4) of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence using recordings from multiple regional seismic networks as well as a subset of 350 stations from the much denser Community Seismic Network. In the first part of our study, we examine the observed response spectral (pseudo) accelerations for a selection of pAuthorsFilippos Filippitzis, Monica Kohler, Tom Heaton, Robert Graves, Robert W. Clayton, Richard G. Guy, J. J. Bunn, K. M. ChandyRegional calibration of hybrid ground‐motion simulations in moderate seismicity areas: Application to the Upper Rhine Graben
This study presents the coupling of the spectral decomposition results for anelastic attenuation, stress drop, and site effects with the Graves‐Pitarka (GP) hybrid ground‐motion simulation methodology, as implemented on the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) broadband platform (BBP). It is targeted to applications in the Upper Rhine graben (URG), which is among the seismically active areAuthorsHoby N. T. Razafindrakoto, Fabrice Cotton, Dino Bindi, Marco Pilz, Robert Graves, Sanjay BoraTall building performance-based seismic design using SCEC broadband platform site-specific ground motion simulations
The scarcity of strong ground motion records presents a challenge for making reliable performance assessments of tall buildings whose seismic design is controlled by large-magnitude and close-distance earthquakes. This challenge can be addressed using broadband ground-motion simulation methods to generate records with site-specific characteristics of large-magnitude events. In this paper, simulateAuthorsKuanshi Zhong, Ting Lin, Greg Deierlein, Robert Graves, Fabio Silva, Nicolas LucoShallow basin structure and attenuation are key to predicting long shaking duration in Los Angeles Basin
Ground motions in the Los Angeles Basin during large earthquakes are modulated by earthquake ruptures, path effects into the basin, basin effects, and local site response. We analyzed the direct effect of shallow basin structures on shaking duration at a period of 2–10 s in the Los Angeles region through modeling small magnitude, shallow, and deep earthquake pairs. The source depth modulates the bAuthorsVoon H Lai, Robert Graves, Chunquan Yu, Zhongwen Zhan, Don HelmbergerThe 1933 Long Beach Earthquake (California, USA): Ground motions and rupture scenario
We present a synoptic analysis of the ground motions from the 11 March 1933 Mw 6.4 Long Beach, California, earthquake, the largest known earthquake within the central Los Angeles Basin region. Our inferred shaking intensity pattern supports the association of the earthquake with the Newport-Inglewood fault; it further illuminates the concentration of severe damage in the town of Compton, where accAuthorsSusan E. Hough, Robert Graves