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Ruth F Schulte

Minerals Information commodity specialists collect and analyze information on production, trade, and consumption of minerals from raw material through refining to finished products. Mineral commodity specialists can answer questions on these aspects of a mineral commodity.

Education

M.S., Geology, University of Maryland, College Park (2007)

  • Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Advisor: Richard J. Walker)

B.S., Geology, University of Maryland, College Park (2003)

  • Sulfur isotopic investigation of the Conococheague Formation, Strausburg, Virginia (Advisor: Alan J. Kaufman)

Professional Experience

  • Physical Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey (2017-Present)
  • Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey (2010-2017)
  • Laboratory Research Contractor, U.S. Geological Survey (2007-2010)
  • Graduate Research Assistant, University of Maryland-College Park (2004-2007)

Publications

Foley, N.K., Jaskula, B.W., Piatak, N.M., and Schulte, R.F., 2017, Beryllium, chap. E of of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. E1-E32. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802E

Foley, N.K., Jaskula, B.W., Kimball, B.E., and Schulte, R.F., 2017, Gallium, chap. H of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. H1-H35. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802H

Schulte, Ruth F.; Foley, Nora K., 2014. Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1272, Report: iv, 14 p.; Table: ZIP file [Link]

Zientek, M.L., Loferski, P.J., Parks, H.L, Schulte, R.F., and Seal, R.R., II, 2017, Platinum-group elements, chap. N of Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, p. N1-N91. http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1802N

Schulte, Ruth F., Taylor, Ryan D., Piatak, Nadine M., and Seal, Robert R. II, 2010, Stratiform chromite deposit model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1232, 7 p. [Link]

Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819. [Link]

 

Science and Products

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were calculated based on the oxide compositions and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Olivine is a magnesium iron orthosilicate mineral with the formula (Mg2+,
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were then calculated and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Feldspar grains are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals with potassium (K), sodium (Na), and cal
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca),
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Major, Minor, and Trace Element Compositions of Bulk Drill Core Samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

This table reports major, minor, and trace element compositions of bulk drill core samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Major elements were measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES); minor and trace elements were determined using ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydri
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Exposed Precambrian Bedrock in Part of Dickinson County, Michigan, and Marinette and Florence Counties, Wisconsin

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western upper peninsula of Michigan and parts of Wisconsin from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the Plei
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Mineral resource of the month: Chromium

Although chromium is a metal, it does not occur naturally in metallic form. Chromium can be found in many minerals, but the only economically significant chromium-bearing mineral is chromite. Chromite has been mined from four different deposit types: stratiform chromite, podiform chromite, placer chromite, and laterite deposits. Most of the world's resources, however, are located in stratiform chr
Authors
Ruth Schulte
By
Mineral Resources Program, National Minerals Information Center

Digital representation of exposures of Precambrian bedrock in parts of Dickinson and Iron Counties, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western Upper Peninsula of Michigan from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the Pleistocene ice ages
Authors
William F. Cannon, Ruth Schulte, Damon Bickerstaff
By
Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits

Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey studies of cri
Authors
Ruth F. Schulte, Nora K. Foley
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Stratiform chromite deposit model

Stratiform chromite deposits are of great economic importance, yet their origin and evolution remain highly debated. Layered igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld, Great Dyke, Kemi, and Stillwater Complexes, provide opportunities for studying magmatic differentiation processes and assimilation within the crust, as well as related ore-deposit formation. Chromite-rich seams within layered intrusio
Authors
Ruth F. Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Schulte, Ruth F., 2007, Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Master's thesis, University of Maryland-College Park). Retrieved from https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/6705
Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

Science and Products

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Olivine Grains from Drill Core in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of olivine grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were calculated based on the oxide compositions and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Olivine is a magnesium iron orthosilicate mineral with the formula (Mg2+,
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Feldspar Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of feldspar grains from drill core of the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are are reported in weight percent (wt%). The cations were then calculated and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Feldspar grains are a group of rock-forming tectosilicate minerals with potassium (K), sodium (Na), and cal
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Oxide and Cation Compositions of Pyroxene Grains from Drill Core of the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

The table contains oxide and cation compositions of pyroxene grains from drill core in the Duluth Complex. The oxides were determined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and are reported in weight percent (we%). The cations were calculated from the oxide concentrations and are reported in mole percent (mol%). Pyroxene minerals are a group of rock-forming inosilicate minerals with calcium (Ca),
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Major, Minor, and Trace Element Compositions of Bulk Drill Core Samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota

This table reports major, minor, and trace element compositions of bulk drill core samples from the Duluth Complex, Minnesota. Major elements were measured using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES); minor and trace elements were determined using ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydri
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Exposed Precambrian Bedrock in Part of Dickinson County, Michigan, and Marinette and Florence Counties, Wisconsin

The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western upper peninsula of Michigan and parts of Wisconsin from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the Plei
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Mineral resource of the month: Chromium

Although chromium is a metal, it does not occur naturally in metallic form. Chromium can be found in many minerals, but the only economically significant chromium-bearing mineral is chromite. Chromite has been mined from four different deposit types: stratiform chromite, podiform chromite, placer chromite, and laterite deposits. Most of the world's resources, however, are located in stratiform chr
Authors
Ruth Schulte
By
Mineral Resources Program, National Minerals Information Center

Digital representation of exposures of Precambrian bedrock in parts of Dickinson and Iron Counties, Michigan, and Florence and Marinette Counties, Wisconsin

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a program of bedrock geologic mapping in much of the central and western Upper Peninsula of Michigan from the 1940s until the late 1990s. Geologic studies in this region are hampered by a scarcity of bedrock exposures because of a nearly continuous blanket of unconsolidated sediments resulting from glaciation of the region during the Pleistocene ice ages
Authors
William F. Cannon, Ruth Schulte, Damon Bickerstaff
By
Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Compilation of gallium resource data for bauxite deposits

Gallium (Ga) concentrations for bauxite deposits worldwide have been compiled from the literature to provide a basis for research regarding the occurrence and distribution of Ga worldwide, as well as between types of bauxite deposits. In addition, this report is an attempt to bring together reported Ga concentration data into one database to supplement ongoing U.S. Geological Survey studies of cri
Authors
Ruth F. Schulte, Nora K. Foley
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center

Stratiform chromite deposit model

Stratiform chromite deposits are of great economic importance, yet their origin and evolution remain highly debated. Layered igneous intrusions such as the Bushveld, Great Dyke, Kemi, and Stillwater Complexes, provide opportunities for studying magmatic differentiation processes and assimilation within the crust, as well as related ore-deposit formation. Chromite-rich seams within layered intrusio
Authors
Ruth F. Schulte, Ryan D. Taylor, Nadine M. Piatak, Robert R. Seal
By
Mineral Resources Program, Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Schulte, Ruth F., 2007, Isotopic systematics of ultramafic and mafic rocks of the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile (Master's thesis, University of Maryland-College Park). Retrieved from https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/6705
Schulte, Ruth F.; Schilling, Manuea; Anma, Ryo; Farquhar, James; Horan, Mary F.; Komiya, Tsuyoshi; Piccoli, Philip M.; Pitcher, Lynette; and Walker, Richard J., 2009, Chemical and chronologic complexity in the convecting upper mantle: Evidence from the Taitao ophiolite, southern Chile: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 73, n. 19, p. 5793-5819.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.