Samuel Saxe, M.S. (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Historical Evapotranspiration for the Conterminous U.S.
This data release provides rasters of actual evapotranspiration (ET) at the Conterminous U.S. (CONUS) scale from October 1895 to September 2018. Data are provided at the annual and monthly time scales at 800 meter spatial resolution. The dataset was produced using ensemble estimation methods described in the associated journal article. The data release also includes associated datasets developed i
Data supporting 'Linking fire-induced evapotranspiration shifts to streamflow magnitude and timing in the western United States'
The impact of wildfire on water availability is a critical issue in the western United States. Because actual evapotranspiration (ETa) constitutes the largest loss in the terrestrial water budget, it has been suggested that fire-induced ETa reduction is a primary driver of elevated post-fire discharge. Ten gaged watersheds with burns exceeding 5% of their total contributing drainage area were sele
Daily streamflow performance benchmark defined by D-score (v0.1) for the National Hydrologic Model application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (v1 byObs Muskingum) at benchmark streamflow locations
This data release contains the D-score (version 0.1) daily streamflow performance benchmark results for the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM) version 1 "byObs" calibration with Muskingum routing computed at streamflow benchmark locations (version 1) as defined by Foks and others (2022). Model error was determined by evaluating pr
Streamflow benchmark locations for hydrologic model evaluation within the conterminous United States (cobalt gages)
A list of stream gages within the conterminous United States that will serve as the initial list of sites (version 1.0) used for streamflow benchmarking of hydrologic models. Sites within this list were chosen based on their presence in the GAGES-II dataset, their availability of modeled streamflow data from the most recent version of the National Hydrologic Model application of Precipitation-Runo
Input Files and Code for: Machine learning can accurately assign geologic basin to produced water samples using major geochemical parameters
As more hydrocarbon production from hydraulic fracturing and other methods produce large volumes of water, innovative methods must be explored for treatment and reuse of these waters. However, understanding the general water chemistry of these fluids is essential to providing the best treatment options optimized for each producing area. Machine learning algorithms can often be applied to datasets
Ensemble estimation of historical evapotranspiration for the conterminous U.S.
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest component of the water budget, accounting for the majority of the water available from precipitation. ET is challenging to quantify because of the uncertainties associated with the many ET equations currently in use, and because observations of ET are uncertain and sparse. In this study, we combine information provided by available ET data and equations to pr
Authors
Meredith Reitz, Ward E. Sanford, Samuel Saxe
Implications of fire-induced evapotranspiration shifts for recharge-runoff generation and vegetation conversion in the western United States
Wildfire has been shown to increase, decrease, or have no detectable effect on actual evapotranspiration (ETa) fluxes in the western United States. Where disturbance-induced shifts are significant, source-water hydrology may be impacted as ETa constitutes the largest outgoing water flux in much of the arid West. We conducted pixel-scale analysis of 30-m ETa data and various meteorologic and landsc
Authors
Natalie M. Collar, Brian A. Ebel, Samuel Saxe, Ashley J. Rust, Terri S. Hogue
Machine learning can assign geologic basin to produced water samples using major ion geochemistry
Understanding the geochemistry of waters produced during petroleum extraction is essential to informing the best treatment and reuse options, which can potentially be optimized for a given geologic basin. Here, we used the US Geological Survey’s National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD) to determine if major ion chemistry could be used to classify accurately a produced water sample to a
Authors
Jenna L. Shelton, Aaron M. Jubb, Samuel Saxe, Emil D. Attanasi, Alexei Milkov, Mark A Engle, Philip A. Freeman, Christopher Shaffer, Madalyn S. Blondes
Implications of model selection: A comparison of publicly available, conterminous US-extent hydrologic component estimates
Spatiotemporally continuous estimates of the hydrologic cycle are often generated through hydrologic modeling, reanalysis, or remote sensing (RS) methods and are commonly applied as a supplement to, or a substitute for, in situ measurements when observational data are sparse or unavailable. This study compares estimates of precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R), snow water e
Authors
Samuel Saxe, William H. Farmer, Jessica M. Driscoll, Terri S. Hogue
Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western U.S. watersheds
This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States, and evaluating the impact of climate and geophysical variables on response. Eighty-two watersheds were identified with at least 10 years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and 5 years of co
Authors
Samuel Saxe, Terri S. Hogue, Lauren E. Hay
GRACE storage change characteristics (2003–2016) over major surface basins and principal aquifers in the Conterminous United States
In this research, we characterized the changes in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment’s (GRACE) monthly total water storage anomaly (TWSA) in 18 surface basins and 12 principal aquifers in the Conterminous United States (CONUS) over 2003–2016. Regions with high variability in storage were identified. Ten basins and 4 aquifers showed significant change in storage. Eight surface basins and 8 aqu
Authors
Naga Manohar Velpuri, Gabriel Senay, Jessica M. Driscoll, Samuel Saxe, Lauren E. Hay, William H. Farmer, Julie E. Kiang
Non-USGS Publications**
Rust, A.J., Hogue, T.S., Saxe, S., McCray, J., 2018. Post-fire water-quality response in the western United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, 203–216.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Hydrologic Model Evaluation and Time-Series Tools (HyMETT) R-package
Hydrologic Model and Evaluation Time-series Tools (HyMETT) software facilitates the analysis and evaluation of hydrologic model output and time-series data with functions focused on comparison of modeled and observed data, period-of-record statistics, and trends.
Science and Products
- Data
Historical Evapotranspiration for the Conterminous U.S.
This data release provides rasters of actual evapotranspiration (ET) at the Conterminous U.S. (CONUS) scale from October 1895 to September 2018. Data are provided at the annual and monthly time scales at 800 meter spatial resolution. The dataset was produced using ensemble estimation methods described in the associated journal article. The data release also includes associated datasets developed iData supporting 'Linking fire-induced evapotranspiration shifts to streamflow magnitude and timing in the western United States'
The impact of wildfire on water availability is a critical issue in the western United States. Because actual evapotranspiration (ETa) constitutes the largest loss in the terrestrial water budget, it has been suggested that fire-induced ETa reduction is a primary driver of elevated post-fire discharge. Ten gaged watersheds with burns exceeding 5% of their total contributing drainage area were seleDaily streamflow performance benchmark defined by D-score (v0.1) for the National Hydrologic Model application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (v1 byObs Muskingum) at benchmark streamflow locations
This data release contains the D-score (version 0.1) daily streamflow performance benchmark results for the National Hydrologic Model Infrastructure application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (NHM) version 1 "byObs" calibration with Muskingum routing computed at streamflow benchmark locations (version 1) as defined by Foks and others (2022). Model error was determined by evaluating prStreamflow benchmark locations for hydrologic model evaluation within the conterminous United States (cobalt gages)
A list of stream gages within the conterminous United States that will serve as the initial list of sites (version 1.0) used for streamflow benchmarking of hydrologic models. Sites within this list were chosen based on their presence in the GAGES-II dataset, their availability of modeled streamflow data from the most recent version of the National Hydrologic Model application of Precipitation-RunoInput Files and Code for: Machine learning can accurately assign geologic basin to produced water samples using major geochemical parameters
As more hydrocarbon production from hydraulic fracturing and other methods produce large volumes of water, innovative methods must be explored for treatment and reuse of these waters. However, understanding the general water chemistry of these fluids is essential to providing the best treatment options optimized for each producing area. Machine learning algorithms can often be applied to datasets - Publications
Ensemble estimation of historical evapotranspiration for the conterminous U.S.
Evapotranspiration (ET) is the largest component of the water budget, accounting for the majority of the water available from precipitation. ET is challenging to quantify because of the uncertainties associated with the many ET equations currently in use, and because observations of ET are uncertain and sparse. In this study, we combine information provided by available ET data and equations to prAuthorsMeredith Reitz, Ward E. Sanford, Samuel SaxeImplications of fire-induced evapotranspiration shifts for recharge-runoff generation and vegetation conversion in the western United States
Wildfire has been shown to increase, decrease, or have no detectable effect on actual evapotranspiration (ETa) fluxes in the western United States. Where disturbance-induced shifts are significant, source-water hydrology may be impacted as ETa constitutes the largest outgoing water flux in much of the arid West. We conducted pixel-scale analysis of 30-m ETa data and various meteorologic and landscAuthorsNatalie M. Collar, Brian A. Ebel, Samuel Saxe, Ashley J. Rust, Terri S. HogueMachine learning can assign geologic basin to produced water samples using major ion geochemistry
Understanding the geochemistry of waters produced during petroleum extraction is essential to informing the best treatment and reuse options, which can potentially be optimized for a given geologic basin. Here, we used the US Geological Survey’s National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (PWGD) to determine if major ion chemistry could be used to classify accurately a produced water sample to aAuthorsJenna L. Shelton, Aaron M. Jubb, Samuel Saxe, Emil D. Attanasi, Alexei Milkov, Mark A Engle, Philip A. Freeman, Christopher Shaffer, Madalyn S. BlondesImplications of model selection: A comparison of publicly available, conterminous US-extent hydrologic component estimates
Spatiotemporally continuous estimates of the hydrologic cycle are often generated through hydrologic modeling, reanalysis, or remote sensing (RS) methods and are commonly applied as a supplement to, or a substitute for, in situ measurements when observational data are sparse or unavailable. This study compares estimates of precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (ET), runoff (R), snow water eAuthorsSamuel Saxe, William H. Farmer, Jessica M. Driscoll, Terri S. HogueCharacterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western U.S. watersheds
This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States, and evaluating the impact of climate and geophysical variables on response. Eighty-two watersheds were identified with at least 10 years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and 5 years of coAuthorsSamuel Saxe, Terri S. Hogue, Lauren E. HayGRACE storage change characteristics (2003–2016) over major surface basins and principal aquifers in the Conterminous United States
In this research, we characterized the changes in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment’s (GRACE) monthly total water storage anomaly (TWSA) in 18 surface basins and 12 principal aquifers in the Conterminous United States (CONUS) over 2003–2016. Regions with high variability in storage were identified. Ten basins and 4 aquifers showed significant change in storage. Eight surface basins and 8 aquAuthorsNaga Manohar Velpuri, Gabriel Senay, Jessica M. Driscoll, Samuel Saxe, Lauren E. Hay, William H. Farmer, Julie E. KiangNon-USGS Publications**
Rust, A.J., Hogue, T.S., Saxe, S., McCray, J., 2018. Post-fire water-quality response in the western United States. International Journal of Wildland Fire 27, 203–216.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
- Software
Hydrologic Model Evaluation and Time-Series Tools (HyMETT) R-package
Hydrologic Model and Evaluation Time-series Tools (HyMETT) software facilitates the analysis and evaluation of hydrologic model output and time-series data with functions focused on comparison of modeled and observed data, period-of-record statistics, and trends.