Myers, W. L., W. Y. Chang, S. S. Germaine, W. M. Vander Haegen, and T. E. Owens. 2008. An analysis of deer and elk-vehicle collision sites along state highways in Washington State. Completion Report Nr. WA-RD 701.1. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, WA. 40 pp.http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/701.1.pdf.
Stephen Germaine (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Date published: October 27, 2016
Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: Inventory and Long-Term Monitoring
The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) addresses effects of land-use and climate changes on Southwest Wyoming’s natural resources. In partnership with twelve Federal, State, and local natural resource agencies, and non-governmental organizations– FORT and ten other USGS centers are conducting dozens of integrated science projects to assess the status of Southwest Wyoming’s...
Date published: October 27, 2016
Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: Mechanistic Studies of Wildlife
The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) addresses effects of land-use and climate changes on Southwest Wyoming’s natural resources. In partnership with twelve Federal, State, and local natural resource agencies, and non-governmental organizations– FORT and ten other USGS centers are conducting dozens of integrated science projects to assess the status of Southwest Wyoming’s...
Contacts: Stephen Germaine, Sarah Carter, Ph.D.
Date published: September 1, 2016
Status: Active The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI)
The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) addresses effects of land-use and climate changes on Southwest Wyoming’s natural resources. In partnership with twelve Federal, State, and local natural resource agencies, and non-governmental organizations– FORT and ten other USGS centers are conducting dozens of integrated science projects to assess the status of Southwest Wyoming’s...
Contacts: Pat Anderson, Timothy Assal, Ph.D., Zachary H Bowen, Ph.D., Stephen Germaine, Lucy Burris, Cameron Aldridge
Date published: July 11, 2017
Analysis of Land Disturbance and Pygmy Rabbit Occupancy Values Associated With Oil and Gas Extraction in Southwestern Wyoming, 2012
Germaine, S.S., Carter, S.K., Ignizio, D.A., and Freeman, A.T., 2017, Analysis of Land Disturbance and Pygmy Rabbit Occupancy Values Associated With Oil and Gas Extraction in Southwestern Wyoming, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7BR8QDD. DOI: 10.5066/F7BR8QDD
Year Published: 2020
Distance effects of gas field infrastructure on pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming
As domestic energy development activity continues in the western United States, wildlife conservation planning in affected regions is increasingly important. The geologic basins where oil and gas energy exploration is occurring are primarily sagebrush steppe rangelands. Sagebrush steppe habitats may support more than 20 vertebrate species of...
Germaine, Stephen S.; Assal, Timothy; Freeman, Aaron; Carter, Sarah K.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Ecosystems
Year Published: 2019
U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2017 annual report
The Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) was established in 2008 to address the scientific and conservation questions associated with land use changes because of energy development and other factors in southwest Wyoming. Over the past decade, partners from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), State and Federal land management agencies,...
Zeigenfuss, Linda C.; Aikens, Ellen; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bowen, Zachary H.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Graves, Tabitha; Homer, Collin G.; Huber, Christopher; Johnston, Aaron; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Manier, Daniel J.; McShane, Ryan R.; Miller, Kirk A.; Monroe, Adrian P.; Ortega, Anna; Walters, Annika W.; Wyckoff, Teal B.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Ecosystems
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Zeigenfuss, L.C., Aikens, E., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bowen, Z.H., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Eddy-Miller, C.A., Germaine, S.S., Graves, T., Homer, C.G., Huber, C.C., Johnston, A., Kauffman, M.J., Manier, D.J., McShane, R.R., Miller, K.A., Monroe, A.P., Ortega, A., Walters, A.W., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2019, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2017 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1188, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181188.
Year Published: 2018
U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2016 annual report
This is the ninth annual report highlighting U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science and decision-support activities conducted for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI). The activities address specific management needs identified by WLCI partner agencies. In fiscal year (FY) 2016, there were 26 active USGS WLCI science-based projects...
Bowen, Zachary H.; Aikens, Ellen; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Homer, Collin G.; Johnston, Aaron; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Manier, Daniel J.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Kirk A.; Walters, Annika W.; Wheeler, Jerrod D.; Wieferich, Daniel J.; Wilson, Anna B.; Wyckoff, Teal B.; Zeigenfuss, Linda C.Attribution: Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Fort Collins Science Center, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center, Water Resources, Ecosystems, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Energy & Wildlife, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS), Region 7: Upper Colorado Basin
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Bowen, Z.H., Aikens, E., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Eddy-Miller, C.A., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S.S., Homer, C.G., Johnston, A., Kauffman, M.J., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Walters, A.W., Wheeler, J.D., Wieferich, D., Wilson, A.B., Wyckoff, T.B., and Zeigenfuss, L.C., 2018, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2016 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2018–1048, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181048.
Year Published: 2017
Efficacy of SpayVac® as a contraceptive in feral horses
ABSTRACT We tested the efficacy of 2 formulations of the immunocontraceptive SpayVac1, which packages the immunogen porcine zona pellucida (PZP) and an adjuvant in multilamellar liposomes, as a contraceptive in captive feral horses (Equus caballus) for 3 consecutive breeding seasons (Pauls Valley, OK, USA; 2012–2014) following a single inoculation...
Roelle, James E.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Kane, Albert J.; Cade, Brian S.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Ecosystems
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Roelle, J. E., Germaine, S. S., Kane, A. J. and Cade, B. S. (2017), Efficacy of SpayVac® as a contraceptive in feral horses. Wildl. Soc. Bull., 41: 107–115.
Year Published: 2017
Relationships between gas field development and the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming
More than 5957 km2 in southwestern Wyoming is currently covered by operational gas fields, and further development is projected through 2030. Gas fields fragment landscapes through conversion of native vegetation to roads, well pads, pipeline corridors, and other infrastructure elements. The sagebrush steppe landscape where most of this...
Germaine, Stephen S.; Carter, Sarah K.; Ignizio, Drew A.; Freeman, Aaron T.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Ecosystems, Energy & Wildlife, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS)
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Germaine, S. S., S. K. Carter, D. A. Ignizio, and A. T. Freeman. 2017. Relationships between gas field development and the presence and abundance of pygmy rabbits in southwestern Wyoming. Ecosphere 8:1-19
Year Published: 2016
U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2015 annual report
This is the eighth annual report highlighting U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science and decision-support activities conducted for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI). The activities address specific management needs identified by WLCI partner agencies. In 2015, USGS scientists continued 24 WLCI projects in 5 categories: (1)...
Bowen, Zachary H.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bartos, Timothy T.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Dematatis, Marie K.; Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Homer, Collin G.; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Huber, Christopher C.; Manier, Daniel J.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Kirk A.; Norkin, Tamar; Sanders, Lindsey E.; Walters, Annika W.; Wilson, Anna B.; Wyckoff, Teal B.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Ecosystems, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS)
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Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bartos, T.T., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Eddy-Miller, C.A., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S.S., Homer, C.G., Huber, C.C., Kauffman, M.J., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Norkin, Tamar, Sanders, L.E., Walters, A.W., Wilson, A.B., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2015 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1141, 59 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161141.
Year Published: 2015
Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment
The Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment was conducted in partnership with the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The overall goals of the BLM Rapid Ecoregional Assessments (REAs) are to identify important ecosystems and wildlife habitats at broad spatial scales; identify where these resources are at risk from Change Agents, including...
Carr, Natasha B.; Melcher, Cynthia P.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Ecosystems, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem
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Carr, N.B., and Melcher, C.P., eds., 2017, Wyoming Basin Rapid Ecoregional Assessment: (ver. 1.1, April 2017) U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1155, 896 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151155.
Year Published: 2015
U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report
This is the seventh report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by the USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2014, there were 26 projects, including a new one that was completed, two others that were...
Bowen, Zachary H.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bartos, Timothy T.; Biewick, Laura R; Boughton, Gregory K.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Dematatis, Marie K.; Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Homer, Collin G.; Huber, Christopher; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Latysh, Natalie; Manier, Daniel J.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Alexander; Miller, Kirk A.; Olexa, Edward M.; Schell, Spencer; Walters, Annika W.; Wilson, Anna B.; Wyckoff, Teal B.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Ecosystems, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem, Science Analytics and Synthesis (SAS)
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Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bartos, T.T., Biewick, L.R.H., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Eddy-Miller, C.A., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S.S., Homer, C.G., Huber, Christopher, Kauffman, M.J., Latysh, Natalie, Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, A.R., Miller, K.A., Olexa, E.M., Schell, S.L., Walters, A.W., Wilson, A.B., and Wyckoff, T.B., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2014 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1091, 61 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151091.
Year Published: 2014
Predicting occupancy for pygmy rabbits in Wyoming: an independent evaluation of two species distribution models
Species distribution models are an important component of natural-resource conservation planning efforts. Independent, external evaluation of their accuracy is important before they are used in management contexts. We evaluated the classification accuracy of two species distribution models designed to predict the distribution of pygmy rabbit ...
Germaine, Stephen S.; Ignizio, Drew; Keinath, Doug; Copeland, Holly
Year Published: 2014
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2012 annual report
Southwest Wyoming contains abundant energy resources, wildlife, habitat, open spaces, and outdoor recreational opportunities. Although energy exploration and development have been taking place in the region since the late 1800s, the pace of development for fossil fuels and renewable energy increased significantly in the early 2000s. This and the...
Bowen, Zachary H.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bern, Carleton R.; Biewick, Laura; Boughton, Gregory K.; Carr, Natasha B.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Clark, Melanie L.; Fedy, Bradford C.; Foster, Katharine; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Hethcoat, Matthew G.; Homer, Collin G.; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Keinath, Douglas; Latysh, Natalie; Manier, Daniel J.; McDougal, Robert R.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Kirk A.; Montag, Jessica; Potter, Christopher J.; Schell, Spencer; Shafer, Sarah L.; Smith, David B.; Sweat, Michael J.; Wilson, Anna B.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Ecosystems, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem
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U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2012 annual report; 2014; OFR; 2014-1093; Bowen, Zachary H.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bern, Carleton R.; Biewick, Laura R. H.; Boughton, Gregory K.; Carr, Natasha B.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Clark, Melanie L.; Fedy, Bradford C.; Foster, Katharine; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen; Hethcoat, Matthew G.; Homer, Collin; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Keinath, Douglas; Latysh, Natalie; Manier, Daniel; Mcdougal, Robert R.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Kirk A.; Montag, Jessica; Potter, Christopher J.; Schell, Spencer; Shafer, Sarah L.; Smith, David B.; Sweat, Michael J.; Wilson, Anna B.
Year Published: 2014
U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report
This is the sixth report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2013, there were 25 ongoing and new projects conducted by the USGS. These projects fall into 8 major...
Bowen, Zachary H.; Aldridge, Cameron L.; Anderson, Patrick J.; Assal, Timothy J.; Bern, Carleton R.; Biewick, Laura R; Boughton, Gregory K.; Chalfoun, Anna D.; Chong, Geneva W.; Dematatis, Marie K.; Fedy, Bradley C.; Garman, Steven L.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Hethcoat, Matthew G.; Homer, Collin G.; Huber, Christopher; Kauffman, Matthew J.; Latysh, Natalie; Manier, Daniel J.; Melcher, Cynthia P.; Miller, Kirk A.; Potter, Christopher J.; Schell, Spencer; Sweat, Michael J.; Walters, Annika W.; Wilson, Anna B.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Ecosystems, Sage-grouse & Sagebrush Ecosystem
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Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bern, C.R., Biewick, L.R.H., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, Marie, Fedy, B.C., Garman, S.L., Germaine, Stephen, Hethcoat, M.G., Homer, Collin, Huber, Collin, Kauffman, M.J., Latysh, Natalie, Manier, Daniel, Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Potter, C.J., Schell, S.L., Sweat, M.J., Walters, Annikia, and Wilson, A.B., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2013 annual report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1213, 60 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141213.
Year Published: 2013
Response of brown-headed cowbirds and three host species to thinning treatments in low-elevation ponderosa pine forests along the northern Colorado Front Range
Thinning ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests to achieve desired ecological conditions remains a priority in the North American west. In addition to reducing the risk of high-severity wildfires in unwanted areas, stand thinning may increase wildlife and plant diversity and provide increased opportunity for seedling recruitment. We initiated...
Keeley, W.H.; Germaine, Stephen S.; Stanley, Thomas R.; Spaulding, Sarah A.; Wanner, C.E.Attribution: Fort Collins Science Center, Ecosystems
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Keeley, W. H., S. S. Germaine, T. R. Stanley, S. E. Spaulding, and C. E. Wanner. 2013. Response of brown-headed cowbirds and three host species to thinning treatments in low-elevation ponderosa pine forests along the northern Colorado Front Range. Forest Ecology and Management 306 (2013) 226-233.
Pre-USGS Publications
Germaine, H.L., and S.S. Germaine. 2001. New Hope for Western Bluebirds? Bluebird: Journal of the North American Bluebird Society 23:13-15. http://www.nabluebirdsociety.org/PDF/Sialia%20Bluebird%20Journals/23.1.pdf.
Knox, S., C.L. Chambers, and S.S. Germaine. 2000. Habitat associations of the sagebrush lizard (Sceloporus graciosus): Potential responses of an ectotherm to ponderosa pine forest restoration. Pages 95-99 in: R.K. Vance, C.B. Edminster, W.W. Covington, and J.A. Blake, comps., Ponderosa pine ecosystems restoration and conservation: steps toward stewardship. Conference Proceedings RMRS-P-22. =Ogden, UT: U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Germaine, S.S., S.S. Rosenstock, R.E. Schweinsburg, and W.S. Richardson. 1998. Relationships among breeding birds, habitat, and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications 8:680-691. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008%5B0680:RABBHA%5D2.0.CO;2/abstract.
Germaine, S. and D. Hays. 2007. Distribution and post-breeding environmental relationships of northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) in Grant County, Washington. Final Report. Olympia, WA: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 30 p.
C.S. Wightman, S.S. Germaine, and P. Beier. 2007. Landbird community composition varies among seasons in heterogeneous ponderosa pine forest. Journal of Field Ornithology. 78(2): 184-194.
Landscape-scale habitat associations of Washington ground squirrels (Spermophilus washingtoni) in central Washington
Germaine, S., R. Finger, and T. Owens. 2007. Landscape-scale habitat associations of Washington ground squirrels (Spermophilus washingtoni) in central Washington. Final Report. Olympia, Washington: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 23 p.
Wightman, C.S. and S.S. Germaine. 2006. Forest stand characteristics altered by restoration affect western bluebird habitat quality. Restoration Ecology. 14(4): 653-661.
Cunningham, S.C., S.S. Germaine, H.L. Germaine, and S.R. Boe. 2005. Landscape habitat selection by female mule deer in a partially restored ponderosa pine forest in northwest Arizona. In: Colorado Plateau II: Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Culture Research . Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. 285-292.
Germaine, S.S., H.L. Germaine, and S.R. Boe. 2004. Characteristics of mule deer day-bed and forage sites in current-condition and restoration-treated ponderosa pine forest. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 32(2): 554-564.
Germaine, S.S. and B.L. Cosentino. 2004. Screening model for determining likelihood of site occupancy by Oregon spotted frogs (Rana pretiosa) in Washington State. Final Report. Olympia, Washington: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 33 p.
Germaine, S.S. and H.L. Germaine. 2003. Lizard distributions and reproductive success in a ponderosa pine forest. Journal of Herpetology. 37(4): 645-652.
Vertebrates
Chambers, C.L. and S.S. Germaine. 2003. Vertebrates. In: Ecological restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine forests. Washington, D.C.: Island Press. 268-285.
Germaine, H.L. and S.S. Germaine. 2002. Forest restoration treatment effects on the nesting success of western bluebirds (sialia Mexicana). Restoration Ecology. 10(2): 362-367.
Germaine, S.S, R.E. Schweinsburg, and H.L. Germaine. 2001. Effects of residential density on sonoran desert nocturnal rodents. Urban Ecosystems. 5(3): 179-185.
Germaine, S.S. and B.F. Wakeling. 2001. Lizard species distributions and habitat occupation along an urban gradient in Tucson, Arizona, USA. Biological Conservation. 97(2): 229-237.
Koenig, H.F., S.S. Germaine, and H.L. Germaine. 2001. Eumecus skiltonianus (Western Skink). [abs.]. In: Herpetological Review. p. 118.
Germaine, S.S., K.D. Bristow, and L.A. Haynes. 2000. Distribution and population status of mountain lions in southwestern Arizona. The Southwestern Naturalist. 45(3): 333-338.
Germaine, S.S., S.S. Rosenstock, R.E. Schweinsburg, and W.S. Richardson. 1998. Relationships among breeding birds, habitat, and residential development in greater Tucson, Arizona. Ecological Applications. 8(3): 680-691.
Germaine, S.S. and S.H. Vessey. 1997. Effects of small forest openings on the breeding bird community in a Vermont hardwood forest. The Condor. 99(3): 708-718.
Germaine, S.S. 1995. Relationships of birds, lizards, and nocturnal rodents to their habitat in the greater Tucson area, Arizona: A final report. Technical Report 20. Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Game and Fish Department. 47 p.