Research Ecologist at the Eastern Ecological Science Center's S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center in Turners Falls, MA
Human activities have caused extensive fragmentation of riverine corridors. Dams, culverts, and other barriers prevent migratory and riverine fishes from accessing key habitats. This is particularly problematic for diadromous fishes like Atlantic salmon and American shad that must transition between fresh- and saltwater habitats in order to complete their life cycles. Swimming performance and behavioral responses to hydraulic conditions (turbulence, velocity, etc.) are major interests, as is development of quantitative methods for identifying and characterizing barriers. This work has broad relevance, not only to stewardship and management of aquatic resources, but also to understanding fundamental aspects of the ecology and evolution of fishes. Some current projects include:
- Sprint-swimming performance of migratory and riverine species
- Effects of turbulence on swimming performance, biomechanics, and behavior
- Modeling fish passage through culverts
- Bioenergetics models of anadromous fish migration
Professional Experience
US Geological Survey (1995-present)
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1992-1995)
Education and Certifications
PhD Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; University of Massachusetts Amherst (2002)
MS Wildlife Biology Washington State University (1991)
BA Colgate University (1987)
Affiliations and Memberships*
American Fisheries Society
Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 74
Three-dimensional movement of silver-phase American eels in the forebay of a small hydroelectric facility
Declines in the population of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, along the northwestern Atlantic have stimulated resource managers to consider the impact of hydroelectric facilities on silver-phase eels as they migrate downstream to the sea. During the fall of 2002, we investigated the movement of migrant eels passing downstream of a small hydroelectric facility on the Connecticut River (Massach
Authors
Leah Brown, Alexander Haro, Theodore R. Castro-Santos
Biomechanics and fisheries conservation
No abstract available.
Authors
Theodore R. Castro-Santos, Alexander Haro
Modeling the effect of varying swim speeds on fish passage through velocity barriers
The distance fish can swim through zones of high-velocity flow is an important factor limiting the distribution and conservation of riverine and diadromous fishes. Often, these barriers are characterized by nonuniform flow conditions, and it is likely that fish will swim at varying speeds to traverse them. Existing models used to predict passage success, however, typically include the unrealistic
Authors
T. Castro-Santos
Optimal swim speeds for traversing velocity barriers: An analysis of volitional high-speed swimming behavior of migratory fishes
Migrating fish traversing velocity barriers are often forced to swim at speeds greater than their maximum sustained speed (Ums). Failure to select an appropriate swim speed under these conditions can prevent fish from successfully negotiating otherwise passable barriers. I propose a new model of a distance-maximizing strategy for fishes traversing velocity barriers, derived from the relationships
Authors
T. Castro-Santos
Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers
The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone s
Authors
A. Haro, T. Castro-Santos, J. Noreika, M. Odeh
Quantifying the combined effects of attempt rate and swimming capacity on passage through velocity barriers
The ability of fish to migrate past velocity barriers results from both attempt rate and swimming capacity. Here, I formalize this relationship, providing equations for estimating the proportion of a population successfully passing a barrier over a range of distances and times. These equations take into account the cumulative effect of multiple attempts, the time required to stage those attempts,
Authors
T. Castro-Santos
Quantifying migratory delay: A new application of survival analysis
Statistical techniques commonly used in fish passage research fail to adequately quantify delays incurred at obstacles, or the effects of modifications to those obstacles on passage rates. Analyses of telemetry data describing these effects can be misleading, particularly when passage route of some individuals is not established (e.g., because of mortality, tag failure, passage through unmonitored
Authors
Theodore Castro-Santos, Alex Haro
Simulated effects of hydroelectric project regulation on mortality of American eels
No abstract available.
Authors
Alexander Haro, Theodore R. Castro-Santos, Kevin Whalen, Gail S. Wippelhauser, Lia McLaughlin
Swimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives
The ability to traverse barriers of high water velocity limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, and is central to effective fishway design. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of volitional sprinting behavior of six migratory fish species (American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis, striped bass Morone
Authors
Theodore R. Castro-Santos
Evaluation of the effects of turbulence on the behaviour of migratory fish
The fundamental influence of fluid dynamics on aquatic organisms is receiving increasing attention among aquatic ecologists. For example, the importance of turbulence to ocean plankton has long been a subject of investigation (Peters and Redondo 1997). More recently, studies have begun to emerge that explicitly consider the effects of shear and turbulence on freshwater invertebrates (Statzner et a
Authors
Mufeed Odeh, John Noreika, Alexander Haro, Aubin Maynard, Theodore R. Castro-Santos, G. F. Cada
Behavior and passage of silver-phase American eels, Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur), at a small hydroelectric facility
No abstract available.
Authors
Alex Haro, Ted Castro-Santos, Jacques Boubée
Effect of slope and headpond on passage of American shad and blueback herring through simple Denil and deepened Alaska steeppass fishways
No abstract available.
Authors
A. Haro, M. Odeh, T. Castro-Santos, J. Noreika
Science and Products
- Science
- Data
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- Multimedia
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- Publications
Filter Total Items: 74
Three-dimensional movement of silver-phase American eels in the forebay of a small hydroelectric facility
Declines in the population of the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, along the northwestern Atlantic have stimulated resource managers to consider the impact of hydroelectric facilities on silver-phase eels as they migrate downstream to the sea. During the fall of 2002, we investigated the movement of migrant eels passing downstream of a small hydroelectric facility on the Connecticut River (MassachAuthorsLeah Brown, Alexander Haro, Theodore R. Castro-SantosBiomechanics and fisheries conservation
No abstract available.AuthorsTheodore R. Castro-Santos, Alexander HaroModeling the effect of varying swim speeds on fish passage through velocity barriers
The distance fish can swim through zones of high-velocity flow is an important factor limiting the distribution and conservation of riverine and diadromous fishes. Often, these barriers are characterized by nonuniform flow conditions, and it is likely that fish will swim at varying speeds to traverse them. Existing models used to predict passage success, however, typically include the unrealisticAuthorsT. Castro-SantosOptimal swim speeds for traversing velocity barriers: An analysis of volitional high-speed swimming behavior of migratory fishes
Migrating fish traversing velocity barriers are often forced to swim at speeds greater than their maximum sustained speed (Ums). Failure to select an appropriate swim speed under these conditions can prevent fish from successfully negotiating otherwise passable barriers. I propose a new model of a distance-maximizing strategy for fishes traversing velocity barriers, derived from the relationshipsAuthorsT. Castro-SantosSwimming performance of upstream migrant fishes in open-channel flow: A new approach to predicting passage through velocity barriers
The ability to traverse barriers of high-velocity flow limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, yet very few data exist that quantify this ability. We provide a detailed analysis of sprint swimming ability of six migratory fish species (American shad (Alosa sapidissima), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), striped bass (Morone sAuthorsA. Haro, T. Castro-Santos, J. Noreika, M. OdehQuantifying the combined effects of attempt rate and swimming capacity on passage through velocity barriers
The ability of fish to migrate past velocity barriers results from both attempt rate and swimming capacity. Here, I formalize this relationship, providing equations for estimating the proportion of a population successfully passing a barrier over a range of distances and times. These equations take into account the cumulative effect of multiple attempts, the time required to stage those attempts,AuthorsT. Castro-SantosQuantifying migratory delay: A new application of survival analysis
Statistical techniques commonly used in fish passage research fail to adequately quantify delays incurred at obstacles, or the effects of modifications to those obstacles on passage rates. Analyses of telemetry data describing these effects can be misleading, particularly when passage route of some individuals is not established (e.g., because of mortality, tag failure, passage through unmonitoredAuthorsTheodore Castro-Santos, Alex HaroSimulated effects of hydroelectric project regulation on mortality of American eels
No abstract available.AuthorsAlexander Haro, Theodore R. Castro-Santos, Kevin Whalen, Gail S. Wippelhauser, Lia McLaughlinSwimming performance of upstream migrant fishes: New methods, new perspectives
The ability to traverse barriers of high water velocity limits the distributions of many diadromous and other migratory fish species, and is central to effective fishway design. This dissertation provides a detailed analysis of volitional sprinting behavior of six migratory fish species (American shad Alosa sapidissima, alewife A. pseudoharengus, blueback herring A. aestivalis, striped bass MoroneAuthorsTheodore R. Castro-SantosEvaluation of the effects of turbulence on the behaviour of migratory fish
The fundamental influence of fluid dynamics on aquatic organisms is receiving increasing attention among aquatic ecologists. For example, the importance of turbulence to ocean plankton has long been a subject of investigation (Peters and Redondo 1997). More recently, studies have begun to emerge that explicitly consider the effects of shear and turbulence on freshwater invertebrates (Statzner et aAuthorsMufeed Odeh, John Noreika, Alexander Haro, Aubin Maynard, Theodore R. Castro-Santos, G. F. CadaBehavior and passage of silver-phase American eels, Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur), at a small hydroelectric facility
No abstract available.AuthorsAlex Haro, Ted Castro-Santos, Jacques BoubéeEffect of slope and headpond on passage of American shad and blueback herring through simple Denil and deepened Alaska steeppass fishways
No abstract available.AuthorsA. Haro, M. Odeh, T. Castro-Santos, J. Noreika
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government