Todd E Katzner
My research interests focus on wildlife conservation ecology and the interaction between wildlife and the role of wildlife in natural systems.
Much of my work is built around utilization of novel technologies and approaches to wildlife ecology. I was part of a team that developed the first non-invasive monitoring scheme for any avian species, I was involved in development of novel high-frequency GPS-GSM telemetry systems for tracking migratory birds, and I developed a network of camera traps to monitor abundance and distribution of terrestrial avian scavengers across eastern North America. Much of my recent funding is focused on evaluating the potential impacts of renewable energy development on conservation-dependent birds.
Professional Experience
2014 - Present: USGS, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Supervisory Research Wildlife Biologist, Boise, Idaho
Education and Certifications
Ph.D., Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ (2003)
M.S., University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY (1994)
B.A., Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH (1991)
Science and Products
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Ecological effects of pinyon-juniper removal in the Western United States—A synthesis of scientific research, January 2014–March 2021
Implications of tree expansion in shrubland ecosystems for two generalist avian predators
Ferruginous Hawk movements respond predictably to intra-annual variation but unexpectedly to anthropogenic habitats
Supervised versus unsupervised approaches to classification of accelerometry data
Priorities for translating goodwill between movement ecologists and conservation practitioners into effective collaboration
A review of supervised learning methods for classifying animal behavioural states from environmental features
Limited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities
Demographic and environmental correlates of home ranges and long-distance movements of Mohave ground squirrels
Selecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
Considering behavioral state when predicting habitat use: Behavior-specific spatial models for the endangered Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle
Confirmation that eagle fatalities can be reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines
Open-source intelligence for conservation biology
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
To request an interview, contact fresc_outreach@usgs.gov or call (541) 750-1030.
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Filter Total Items: 137Ecological effects of pinyon-juniper removal in the Western United States—A synthesis of scientific research, January 2014–March 2021
Executive SummaryIncreasing density of pinyon (Pinus spp.) and juniper (Juniperus spp.) woodlands (hereinafter “pinyon-juniper”), as well as expansion of these woodlands into adjacent shrublands and grasslands, has altered ecosystem function and wildlife habitat across large areas of the interior western United States. Although there are many natural and human-caused drivers of woodland infillingAuthorsDouglas J. Shinneman, Susan K. McIlroy, Sharon A Poessel, Rosemary L. Downing, Tracey N. Johnson, Aaron C. Young, Todd E. KatznerImplications of tree expansion in shrubland ecosystems for two generalist avian predators
Shrublands globally have undergone structural changes due to plant invasions, including the expansion of native trees. Removal of native conifer trees, especially juniper (Juniperus spp.), is occurring across the Great Basin of the western U.S. to support declining sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) habitats and associated wildlife species, such as greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). One justAuthorsAaron C. Young, Todd E. Katzner, Douglas J. Shinneman, Tracey N. JohnsonFerruginous Hawk movements respond predictably to intra-annual variation but unexpectedly to anthropogenic habitats
Birds exhibit flexible movement responses to environmental variation across the annual cycle, and those responses can provide insight into potential impacts that environmental changes may have on these species. To understand year-round variation in space use by Ferruginous Hawks Buteo regalis, we tracked 12 birds breeding in southwestern Idaho, USA, using GPS telemetry collected over 207 bird-montAuthorsGeorgia H. Isted, Robert J. Thomas, Kevin S. Warner, Matthew J. Stuber, Ethan A. Ellsworth, Todd E. KatznerSupervised versus unsupervised approaches to classification of accelerometry data
Sophisticated animal-borne sensor systems are increasingly providing novel insight into how animals behave and move. Despite their widespread use in ecology, the diversity and expanding quality and quantity of data they produce have created a need for robust analytical methods for biological interpretation. Machine learning tools are often used to meet this need. However, their relative effectivenAuthorsMaitreyi Sur, Jonathan C. Hall, Joseph Brandt, Molly Astell, Sharon Poessel, Todd E. KatznerPriorities for translating goodwill between movement ecologists and conservation practitioners into effective collaboration
Addressing ongoing biodiversity loss requires collaboration between conservation scientists and practitioners. However, such collaboration has proved challenging. Despite the potential importance of tracking animal movements for conservation, reviews of the tracking literature have identified a gap between the academic discipline of movement ecology and its application to biodiversity conservationAuthorsRascha J. M. Nuijten, Todd E. Katzner, Andrew M. Allen, Allert I. Bijleveld, Tjalle Boorsma, Luca Börger, Francesca Cagnacci, Tom Hart, Michelle Henley, Richard M. Herren, Eva Kok, Bronwyn Maree, Bruno Nebe, David Shohami, Susanne Marieke Vogel, Paul Walker, Ignas M. A. Heitkönig, E. J. Milner-GullandA review of supervised learning methods for classifying animal behavioural states from environmental features
Accurately predicting behavioural modes of animals in response to environmental features is important for ecology and conservation. Supervised learning (SL) methods are increasingly common in animal movement ecology for classifying behavioural modes. However, few examples exist of applying SL to classify polytomous animal behaviour from environmental features especially in the context of millionsAuthorsSilas Bergen, Manuela Huso, Adam E. Duerr, Missy A Braham, Sara Schmuecker, Tricia A. Miller, Todd E. KatznerLimited rigor in studies of raptor mortality and mitigation at wind power facilities
Wind power is an expanding source of renewable energy. However, there are ecological challenges related to wind energy generation, including collisions of wildlife with turbines. Lack of rigor, and variation in study design, together limit efforts to understand the broad-scale effects of wind power infrastructure on wildlife populations. It is not clear, however, whether these types of limitationsAuthorsTara Conkling, Christopher J. W. McClure, Sandra Cuadros, S. R. Loss, Todd E. KatznerDemographic and environmental correlates of home ranges and long-distance movements of Mohave ground squirrels
Space use by mammals can differ among age-classes, sexes, or seasons, and these processes are recognized as adaptive behavioral strategies. Semi-fossorial ground squirrels, in particular, have shown age- and sex-specific patterns in their aboveground movement behaviors. We studied space use of Mohave ground squirrels (Xerospermophilus mohavensis) at the Freeman Gulch study site in the central regiAuthorsSharon Poessel, Philip Leitner, Rich Inman, Todd C. Esque, Todd E. KatznerSelecting auditory alerting stimuli for eagles on the basis of auditory evoked potentials
Development of wind energy facilities results in interactions between wildlife and wind turbines. Raptors, including bald and golden eagles, are among the species known to incur mortality from these interactions. Several alerting technologies have been proposed to mitigate this mortality by increasing eagle avoidance of wind energy facilities. However, there has been little attempt to match signalAuthorsBenjamin Goller, Patrice Baumhardt, Ernesto Dominguez-Villegas, Todd E. Katzner, Esteban Fernández-Juricic, Jeffrey R. LucasConsidering behavioral state when predicting habitat use: Behavior-specific spatial models for the endangered Tasmanian wedge-tailed eagle
Effective planning for species conservation often requires an understanding of habitat use. The resources an animal selects within the landscape relate to its behavioral state and, therefore, incorporating behavior into habitat selection analyses can help inform management of threatened species. Here we present an approach for developing behavior-specific spatial habitat-use models using large quaAuthorsJames M. Pay, Toby A Patterson, Kirstin M Proft, Elissa Z. Cameron, Clare E. Hawkins, Amelia J. Koch, Jason M Wiersma, Todd E. KatznerConfirmation that eagle fatalities can be reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines
Automated curtailment is potentially a powerful technique to reduce collision mortality of wildlife with wind turbines. Previously, we used a before–after–control–impact framework to demonstrate that eagle fatalities declined after automated curtailment was implemented with the IdentiFlight system at a wind power facility in Wyoming, USA. We received substantial interest and feedback regarding ourAuthorsChristopher J. W. McClure, Brian W. Rolek, Leah Dunn, Jennifer D. McCabe, Luke Martinson, Todd E. KatznerOpen-source intelligence for conservation biology
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) evolved in spy agencies but now is rapidly changing many fields of study, from anthropology to zoology. Despite the fact that OSINT occasionally is used in conservation biology, there is little recognition that some tools and frameworks used by conservation professionals are drawn from this well-established field. The history and conceptual foundations of OSINT steAuthorsTodd E. Katzner, Eve C. Thomason, Karrin Huhmann, Tara Conkling, Camille B. Concepcion, Vincent Slabe, Sharon PoesselNon-USGS Publications**
Katzner, T.E., Miller, T.A., Rodrigue, J.L., Shaffer, S., 2015, A Most Dangerous Game- Death and Injury to Birds from Porcupine Quills: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 127, no. 1, p. 102-108, https://doi.org/10.1676/14-066.1.Behmke, S., Fallon, J.A., Duerr, A., Lehner, A., Buchweitz, J., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Chronic lead exposure is epidemic in obligate scavenger populations in eastern North America: Environment International, v. 79, p. 51-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.010.Duerr, A.E., Miller, T.A., Lanzone, M.J., Brandes, D., Cooper, J., O'Malley, K., Maisonnueve, C., Tremblay, J., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Flight response of slope-soaring birds to seasonal variation in thermal generation: Functional Ecology, v. 29, no. 6, p. 779-790, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12381.Dennhardt, A.J., Duerr, A.E., Brandes, D., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Integrating citizen-science data with movement models to estimate the size of a migratory golden eagle population: Biological Conservation, v. 184, p. 68-78, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.003.Morneau, F., Tremblay, J., Todd, C., Chubbs, T.E., Maisonnueve, C., Lemaıˆtre, J., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Known Breeding Distribution and Abundance of Golden Eagles in Eastern North America: Northeastern Naturalist, v. 22, no. 2, p. 236-247, https://doi.org/10.1656/045.022.0201.Miller, T.A., Brooks, R.P., Lanzone, M.J., Brandes, D., Cooper, J., Tremblay, J., Wilhelm, J., Duerr, A.E., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Limitations and mechanisms influencing the migratory performance of soaring birds: Ibis, v. 158, no. 1, p. 116-134, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12331.Dennhardt, A.J., Duerr, A.E., Brandes, D., Katzner, T.E., 2015, Modeling autumn migration of a rare soaring raptor identifies new movement corridors in central Appalachia: Ecological Modelling, v. 303, p. 19-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.02.010.Katzner, T.E., Turk, P., Duerr, A.E., Miller, T.A., Lanzone, M.J., Cooper, J., Brandes, D., Tremblay, J., Lemaıˆtre, J., 2015, Use of multiple modes of flight subsidy by a soaring terrestrial bird, the golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, when on migration: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, v. 12, no. 112, p. 20150530, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0530.Pettorelli, N., Evans, D.M., Garner, T.W., Katzner, T.E., Gompper, M.E., Altwegg, R., Branch, T.A., Johnson, J.A., Pollock, K., DaVolls, L., Rantanen, E., Gordon, I.J., 2013, Addressing gender imbalances in Animal Conservation: Animal Conservation, v. 16, p. 131-133, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12032.Katzner, T.E., Collar, N.J., 2013, Are insular populations of the Philippine falconet (Microhierax erythrogenys) steps in a cline?: The Condor, v. 115, no. 3, p. 576-583, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2013.120070.Latta, S.C., Musher, L.J., Latta, K.N., Katzner, T.E., 2013, Influence of human population size and the built environment on avian assemblages in urban green spaces: Urban Ecosystems, v. 16, no. 3, p. 463-479, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0282-z.Sklyarenko, S.L., Katzner, T.E., 2012, The Status of Populations of Vultures in Kazakhstan In Kovshar, A.F., Rustamov, E.A., Mitropolsky, O.V., Levin, A.S., Kovshar, V.A., eds., Ornithological News of Kazakhstan and Middle Asia: ISBN 978-601-7287-05-4, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Menzbier’s Ornithological Society, p. 178-185.Katzner, T.E., Winton, J.D., McMorris, F.A., Brauning, D., 2012, Dispersal, Band Encounters, and Causes of Death in a Reintroduced and Rapidly Growing Population of Peregrine Falcons: Journal of Raptor Research, v. 46, no. 1, p. 75-83, https://doi.org/10.3356/JRR-10-93.1.Al Hasani, I.K., Azar, J.F., Nishimura, K., Amr, Z.S., Katzner, T.E., 2012, Distribution, diet and winter ecology of the Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca in Jordan.: Vertebrate Zoology, v. 62, no. 2, p. 273-280.Borher, G., Brandes, D., Mandel, J., Bildstein, K.L., Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Katzner, T.E., Maissoneuve, C., Tremblay, J., 2012, Estimating updraft velocity components over large spatial scales- Contrasting migration strategies of golden eagles and turkey vultures: Ecology Letters, v. 15, no. 2, p. 96-103, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2011.01713.x.Branch, T.A., Austin, J.D., Pollock, K., Gordon, I.J., Gompper, M.E., Katzner, T.E., Pettorelli, N., 2012, Fisheries conservation and management- finding consensus in the midst of competing paradigms: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 1, p. 1-3, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00502.x.Lanzone, M., Miller, T., Turk, P., Brandes, D., Halverson, C., Maissoneuve, C., Tremblay, J., Cooper, J., O'Malley, K., Brooks, R., Katzner, T.E., 2012, Flight responses by a migratory soaring raptor to changing meteorological conditions: Biology Letters, v. 8, no. 5, p. 710-713, https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0359.Evans, D.M., Barnard, P., Koh, L.P., Chapman, C.A., Altwegg, R., Garner, T.W., Gompper, M.E., Gordon, I.J., Katzner, T.E., Pettorelli, N., 2012, Funding nature conservation- who pays?: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 3, p. 215-216, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00550.x.Bragin, E., Katzner, T.E., 2012, Second nest record of Smew Mergus albellus in the Naurzum forest: Russian Ornithological Society: Express Issue, v. 21, no. 743, p. 724-725.Katzner, T.E., Smith, B.W., Miller, T.A., Brandes, D., Cooper, J., Lanzone, M., Brauning, D., Farmer, C., Harding, S., Kramer, D., Koppie, C., Maissoneuve, C., Martell, M., Mojica, E.K., Todd, C., Tremblay, J., Wheeler, M., Brinker, D.F., Chubbs, T.E., O'Malley, K., Mehus, S., Porter, B., Brooks, R.P., Watts, B.D., Bildstein, K.L., 2012, Status, biology and conservation priorities for North America’s eastern Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population: Auk, v. 29, no. 1, p. 168-176, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2011.11078.Bragin, E., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E., 2012, Summer accumulation of large birds of prey , and the problem of estimating their number - Proceedings Menzbirovskogo Ornithological Society: Volume I: Proceedings of XIII International Ornithological Conference of Northern Eurasia, p. 234-240.Duerr, A., Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Brandes, D., Cooper, J., O'Malley, K., Maissoneuve, C., Tremblay, J., Katzner, T.E., 2012, Testing an emerging paradigm in migration ecology shows surprising differences in efficiency between flight modes: PLOS ONE, v. 7, no. 4, p. e35548, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035548.Katzner, T.E., Wheeler, M., Negro, J.J., Kapetanakos, Y., DeWoody, J.A., Horvath, M., Lovette, I., 2012, To pluck or not to pluck- scientific methodologies should be carefully chosen, not “one size fits all": Journal of Avian Biology, v. 43, p. 15-17, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048X.2011.05592.x.Katzner, T.E., Brandes, D., Miller, T., Lanzone, M., Maissoneuve, C., Tremblay, J., Mulvihill, R., Merovich, G., 2012, Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles- implications for on-shore wind energy development: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 49, no. 5, p. 1178-1186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02185.x.Gordon, I.J., Pollock, K., Altwegg, R., Garner, T.W., Gompper, M.E., Katzner, T.E., Pettorelli, N., Redpath, S., 2012, What the ‘food security’ agenda means for animal conservation in terrestrial ecosystems: Animal Conservation, v. 15, no. 2, p. 115-116, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00541.x.Katzner, T.E., Ivy, J.R., Bragin, E., Milner-Gulland, E.J., DeWoody, J.A., 2011, Conservation implications of inaccurate estimation of cryptic population size: Animal Conservation, v. 14, no. 4, p. 328-332, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2011.00444.x.Iverson, S.A., Gavrilov, A., Katzner, T.E., Takekawa, J., Newman, S., Miller, T., Hagemeijer, W., Sivananinthaperumal, B., Mundkur, T., DeMattos, C., Ahmed, L.S., 2011, Migratory movements of waterfowl in Central Asia and avian influenza emergence- sporadic transmission of H5N1 from east to west: Ibis, v. 153, no. 2, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2010.01095.x.Jones, J.P., Collen, B., Baxter, P.W., Bubb, P., Illian, J., Katzner, T.E., Keane, A., Loh, J., McDonald-Madden, E., Nicholson, E., Pereira, H., Possingham, H., Pullin, A., Rodrigues, A., Ruiz-Gutierrez, V., Sommerville, M., Milner-Gulland, E.J., 2011, The Why, What, and How of Global Biodiversity Indicators Beyond the 2010 Target: Conservation Biology, v. 25, no. 3, p. 450-457, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01605.x.Terraube, J., Arroyo, B.E., Mougeot, F., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E., 2010, Breeding biology of the Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus) in north-central Kazakhstan: Journal of Ornithology, v. 151, no. 3, p. 713-722, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-010-0505-0.Rudnick, J.A., Katzner, T.E., DeWoody, J.A., 2009, Genetic Analyses of Noninvasively Collected Feathers Can Provide Insights into Avian Demography and Behavior In Aronoff, J.B., ed., Handbook of Nature Conservation: Hauppauge, NY, Nova Science Publishers, p. 181-197.Miller, T.M., Brandes, D., Lanzone, M., Ombalski, D., Maisonnueve, C., Katzner, T.E., 2009, Golden eagle migration and winter behavior in Pennsylvania In Majumdar, S.K., ed., Avian Ecology and Conservation: A Pennsylvania Focus with National Implications: Immaculata, PA, Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, p. 111-125.Brandes, D., Miller, T.M., Katzner, T.E., 2009, Wind Power Mortality In Majumdar, S.K., ed., Avian Ecology and Conservation: A Pennsylvania Focus with National Implications: Immaculata, PA, Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, p. 300-303.Rudnick, J.A., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., DeWoody, J.A., 2008, A non-invasive genetic evaluation of population size, natal philopatry, and roosting behavior of non-breeding eastern imperial eagles (Aquila heliaca) in central Asia: Conservation Genetics, v. 9, p. 667-676.Poulakakis, N., Antoniou, A., Mantziou, G., Parmakelis, A., Skartsi, T., Vasilakis, D., Elorriaga, J., De La Puente, J., Gavashelishvili, A., Ghasabyan, M., Katzner, T.E., McGrady, M.J., Batbayar, N., Fuller, M.R., Natsagdorj, T., 2008, Population structure, diversity, and phylogeography in the near-threatened Eurasian black vultures Aegypius monachus (Falconiformes; Accipitridae) in Europe- insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 95, p. 859-872.Kenward, R., Katzner, T.E., Wink, M., Marcström, V., Walls, S., Karlbom, M., Pfeffer, R., Bragin, E.A., Hodder, K., Levin, A.S., 2007, Rapid sustainability modelling for raptors by radio tagging and DNA fingerprinting: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 71, no. 1, p. 238-245.Ryabtsev, V.V., Katzner, T.E., 2007, Severe declines of Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca populations in the Baikal region, Russia- a modern and historical perspective: Bird Conservation International, v. 17, no. 03, p. 197-209.Rudnick, J.A., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., DeWoody, J.A., 2007, Species identification of birds through genetic analysis of naturally shed feathers: Molecular Ecology Notes, p. 757-762.Katzner, T.E., Milner-Gulland, E.J., Bragin, E.A., 2007, Using modeling to improve monitoring of structured populations- are we collecting the right data?: Conservation Biology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 241-252.Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., Milner-Gulland, E.J., 2006, Modelling populations of long lived birds of prey for conservation- a study of Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca) in Kazakhstan: Biological Conservation, v. 132, no. 3, p. 322-335.Katzner, T.E., 2005, Corruption - a double-edged sword for conservation? A response to Smith and Walpole.: Oryx, v. 39, no. 3, p. 260-262.Katzner, T.E., Robertson, S., Robertson, B., Klucsarits, J., McCarty, K.M., Bildstein, K.L., 2005, Results from a long-term nest-box program for American Kestrels- implications for improved population monitoring and conservation: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 76, no. 3, p. 217-318.Busch, J., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., Keim, P., 2005, Tetranucleotide microsatellites for aquila and haliaeetus eagles: Molecular Ecology Notes, v. 5, no. 1, p. 39-41.Rudnick, J.A., Katzner, T.E., Bragin, E.A., Rhodes, O.E., DeWoody, J.A., 2005, Using naturally shed feathers for individual identification, genetic parentage analyses, and population monitoring in an endangered Eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) population from Kazakhstan: Molecular Ecology, v. 14, no. 10, p. 2959-2967.Katzner, T.E., Hsun Lai, C., Gardiner, J.D., Foggin, J.M., Pearson, D., Smith, A.T., 2004, Adjacent nesting by Lammergeier Gypaetus barbatus and Himalayan Griffon Gyps himalayensis on the Tibetan Plateau, China: Forktail, v. 20, p. 94-96.Leppert, L.L., Layman, S., Bragin, E.A., Katzner, T.E., 2004, Survey for Hemoparasites in Imperial Eagles (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis), and White-tailed Sea Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Kazakhstan: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 40, no. 2, p. 316-319.Sharik, T.L., Katzner, T.E., Bragina, T.M., 2003, A new species of Copidosoma Ratzeburg (Hymenoptera- Encyrtidae) from eagle nests in Kazakhstan: Journal of Hymenoptera Research, v. 12, no. 2, p. 308-311.Pain, D.J., Cunningham, P.G., Donald, P.F., Duckworth, J.W., Houston, D.C., Katzner, T.E., Parry-Jones, J., Poole, C., Prakash, V., Round, P., Timmins, R., 2003, Causes and impacts of temporospatial declines of Gypsvultures in Asia: Conservation Biology, v. 17, no. 3, p. 661-671.Katzner, T.E., Parker, K.L., 1998, Long distance movements from established burrow sites by pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in southwestern Wyoming: Northwest Naturalist, v. 79, no. 2, p. 72-74.Katzner, T.E., Cruz, Y.P., 1998, Survival of the Polyembryonic Parasitoid Copidosomopsis tanytmema (Hymenoptera- Encyrtidae) in Envenomized Larvae of its Host Anagasta kuehniella (Lepidoptera- Pyralidae): Annals of the Entomological Society of America, v. 91, no. 6, p. 808-812.Katzner, T.E., Parker, K.L., Hardegree, S.P., 1997, Metabolism and Thermal Response in Winter-Acclimatized Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis): Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1053-1062.Katzner, T.E., Parker, K.L., 1997, Vegetative Characteristics and Size of Home Ranges Used by Pygmy Rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) during Winter: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 78, no. 4, p. 1063-1072.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
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