Unified Interior Regions
Hawaii
The Pacific Region has nine USGS Science Centers in California, Nevada, and Hawaii. The Regional Office, headquartered in Sacramento, provides Center oversight and support, facilitates internal and external collaborations, and works to further USGS strategic science directions.
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Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 8, 12:00 p.m. HST
Map as of 12:00 p.m. (noon) HST, June 8, 2018

June 06—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 12:30 pm on Wednesday, June 6.

Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 6, 12:00 p.m. HST
Map as of 12:00 p.m. (noon) HST, June 6, 2018.

June 05—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 12:30 pm on Tuesday, June 5

Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 5, 10:00 a.m. HST
Map as of 10:00 a.m. HST, June 5, 2018.

June 4—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 12:30 pm on Monday, June 4

Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 4, 2:00 p.m. HST
Map as of 2:00 p.m. HST, June 4, 2018.

June 3—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 12:30 pm on Sunday, June 3.

Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 3, 11:00 a.m. HST
Map as of 11:00 a.m. HST, June 3, 2018.

June 2—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 6:45 am on Saturday, June 2.

Kīlauea lower East Rift Zone lava flows and fissures, June 2, 1:30 p.m. HST
Map as of 1:30 p.m. HST, June 2, 2018.

June 1—Thermal map of fissure system and lava flows
This thermal map shows the fissure system and lava flows as of 5:30 pm on Friday, June 1.
Numerical Simulation of Ground-Water Withdrawals in the Southern Lihue Basin, Kauai, Hawaii
Numerical simulations indicate that ground-water withdrawals from the Hanamaulu and Puhi areas of the southern Lihue Basin will result in a decline in water levels and reductions in base flows of streams near proposed new water-supply wells. Most of the changes will be attained within 10 to 20 years of the start of pumping. Except for areas such...
Izuka, Scot K.; Oki, Delwyn S.Whole-rock and glass major-element geochemistry of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, near-vent eruptive products: September 1994 through September 2001
This report presents major-element geochemical data for glasses and whole-rock aliquots among 523 lava samples collected near the vent on Kilauea's east rift zone between September 1994 and October 2001. Information on sample collection, analysis techniques and analytical standard reproducibility are presented as a PDF file, which also includes a...
Thornber, Carl R.; Sherrod, David R.; Siems, David F.; Heliker, Christina C.; Meeker, Gregory P.; Oscarson, Robert L.; Kauahikaua, James P.Streamflow and Suspended-Sediment Loads Before, During, and After H-3 Highway Construction, North Halawa, Haiku, South Fork Kapunahala, and Kamooalii Drainage Basins, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-99
A long-term study (1983?99) was conducted to determine the effects of the H-3 Highway construction on streamflow and suspended-sediment transport on Oahu, Hawaii. Data were collected at five streamflow-gaging stations before, during, and after construction and at two stream-gaging stations during and after construction. Drainage areas at the seven...
Wong, Michael F.; Yeatts, Daniel S.Surface water quality-assurance plan for the Hawaii District of the U. S. Geological Survey
This District Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the Hawaii District for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of surface-water data.
Fontaine, R.A.Drilling, Construction, Water-Level, and Water-Quality Information for the Kualapuu Deep Monitor Well, 4-0800-01, Molokai, Hawaii
A monitor well was completed in January 2001 by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Kualapuu area of central Molokai, Hawaii that allows for monitoring the thicknesses of the freshwater body and the upper part of the underlying freshwater-saltwater transition zone. The well was drilled in cooperation with the State Department of Hawaiian Home Lands...
Oki, Delwyn S.; Bauer, Glenn R.Rainfall, Streamflow, and Water-Quality Data During Stormwater Monitoring, Halawa Stream Drainage Basin, Oahu, Hawaii, July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001
The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Stormwater Monitoring Program was implemented on January 1, 2001. The program includes the collection of rainfall, streamflow, and water-quality data at selected sites in the Halawa Stream drainage basin. Rainfall and streamflow data were collected from July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001. Few storms...
Presley, Todd K.Analytical Versus Numerical Estimates of Water-Level Declines Caused by Pumping, and a Case Study of the Iao Aquifer, Maui, Hawaii
Comparisons were made between model-calculated water levels from a one-dimensional analytical model referred to as RAM (Robust Analytical Model) and those from numerical ground-water flow models using a sharp-interface model code. RAM incorporates the horizontal-flow assumption and the Ghyben-Herzberg relation to represent flow in a one-...
Oki, Delwyn S.; Meyer, WilliamThe Response of the Iao Aquifer to Ground-Water Development, Rainfall, and Land-Use Practices Between 1940 and 1998, Island of Maui, Hawaii
Ground water pumped from the Iao aquifer has been used for agricultural purposes since 1948, and domestic purposes since 1955. In 1990, the Hawaii State Commission on Water Resource Management established a value of 20 million gallons per day for the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Water-level data from observation wells throughout the aquifer...
Meyer, William; Presley, Todd K.Sedimentation History of Waimaluhia Reservoir during Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-98
Nine sedimentation surveys conducted from 1983 to 1998 at Waimaluhia Reservoir determined the rate of sediment accumulation in the reservoir during H-3 Highway construction upstream of the reservoir. Rates of storage-capacity loss ranged from 1.1 acre-feet per year between 1983 and 1988 to 4.9 acre-feet per year between 1988 and 1992. The average...
Wong, Michael F.Statistical Summary of Hydrologic and Water-Quality Data from the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe Drainage Basins Before, During, and After H-3 Highway Construction, Oahu, Hawaii, 1983-99
This report provides statistical summaries of rainfall, streamflow, suspended-sediment, and water-quality data collected in the Halawa, Haiku, and Kaneohe drainage basins before, during, and after construction of the H-3 Highway on the island of Oahu, Hawaii. Methods of data collection also are described. Data collected during water years 1983...
Wong, Michael F.; Young, Stacie T.M.Seismic hazard in Hawaii: High rate of large earthquakes and probabilistics ground-motion maps
The seismic hazard and earthquake occurrence rates in Hawaii are locally as high as that near the most hazardous faults elsewhere in the United States. We have generated maps of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration (SA) (at 0.2, 0.3 and 1.0 sec, 5% critical damping) at 2% and 10% exceedance probabilities in 50 years. The...
Klein, F.W.; Frankel, A.D.; Mueller, C.S.; Wesson, R.L.; Okubo, P.G.Site Selection for a Deep Monitor Well, Kualapuu, Molokai, Hawaii
Management of the ground-water resources near Kualapuu on the island of Molokai, Hawaii, is hindered by the uncertainty in the vertical salinity structure in the aquifer. In the State of Hawaii, vertical profiles of ground-water salinity are commonly obtained from deep monitor wells, and these profiles are used to estimate the thicknesses of the...
Oki, Delwyn S.Halema‘uma‘u crater fissure
Aerial imagery collected during a USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory overflight at approximately 11:35 a.m. HST. This photo shows the western, weaker of the two active fissures in Kīlauea Volcano's ongoing summit eruption in Halema‘uma‘u crater. USGS photo.
Kīlauea Volcano's summit eruption within Halema‘uma‘u crater
Aerial imagery collected during a USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory overflight at approximately 11:35 a.m. HST. This photo shows the two active fissures in Kīlauea Volcano's ongoing summit eruption in Halema‘uma‘u crater. These fissures in the wall of Halema‘uma‘u crater feed a growing lake at its base. In the center of the lake, an island rises approximately 17 m (55 ft)
...December 21, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption reference map
The recent eruption at Kīlauea Volcano's summit, within Halema‘uma‘u crater, has generated a lava lake that is being fed by two fissures. Halema‘uma‘u crater has previously been occupied by a water lake (July 2019 to December 2020) and a lava lake (2008 to 2018). The current lava lake is larger than both previous lakes; though it occupies a similar (but larger) location of
...HVO scientist checks monitoring equipment
The current eruption is confined to Halemaʻumaʻu crater within Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park but data from tiltmeters and Global Positioning System (GPS) stations show contraction in the upper portion of the East Rift Zone (an area between Kīlauea’s summit and Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō). Similar instruments in down-rift areas, including the site of the 2018 eruption, are stable and do
...Kīlauea summit eruption thermal image comparison
This comparison shows thermal images taken yesterday and today during USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory helicopter overflights. The main difference in this 24 hour period is the significant rise and infilling of the lava lake within Halema‘uma‘u crater at Kīlauea summit. This morning, the lake depth was measured at approximately 130 yards. USGS images by M. Patrick.
USGS webcam--F1cam
A comparison of two thermal images from the F1cam thermal webcam located on the rim of Halema‘uma‘u crater, at the summit of Kīlauea volcano. These two images were taken 48 hours apart. The left image from December 20 at 8:22 a.m. HST, shows the water lake that was in the bottom of the crater—approximately 13 hours before the start of the summit eruption at Kīlauea. The
...December 22, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption lava lake depth map
Aerial visual imagery collected during an overflight of Kīlauea Volcano's summit just after 11:30 a.m. HST on December 22, 2020, was used to create a preliminary topographic model. When compared to pre-eruption topographic models, it shows that the bottom of Halema'uma'u crater has been filled by almost 150 m (yd) of lava. Mapping indicates that the more vigorous north
...December 22, 2020—Kīlauea summit eruption thermal map
A helicopter overflight today (Dec. 22, 2020) at approximately ~11:30 AM HST allowed for aerial visual and thermal imagery to be collected of the new eruption within Halema'uma'u crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano. This preliminary thermal map shows that the new lava lake is 690 m (yd) E-W axis and 410 m (yd) in N-S axis. The lake area is about 22 hectares (54 acres
...Fissure Activity Within Halema‘uma‘u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano
Telephoto videos capture fissure activity within Halema‘uma‘u crater on December 22, 2020, at approximately 3:35 PM HST. (1) The first video shows the main northern fissure. The lava fountains have built up a horseshoe-shaped spatter cone (dark in color) around the perimeter of the vent. (2) 2) The second video shows the smaller western fissure. This fissure feeds a small
Overnight Fissure Activity Halema‘uma‘u Crater, Kīlauea
Two fissure vents feed a growing lava lake at the bottom of Halema‘uma‘u crater. A preliminary calculation of volume suggests that since the start of the eruption on December 20, 2020, approximately 8-10 million cubic meters of lava have been erupted. This is equivalent to over 2 billion gallons, the volume of 3,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
Fissures, Lava Lake, Wind Vortex at Halema‘uma‘u, Kīlauea
Fissures Feed a Lava Lake at Halema'uma'u, at Kīlauea Volcano's Summit. Since fissures opened on December 20, 2020 in Halema'uma'u crater, USGS–Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists have maintained a 24-hour watch from the rim, taking measurements and making visual observations. This video captures fountaining activity at the two active vents during the early morning
Geophysicist deploys campaign GPS sites on the Kīlauea caldera floor
A Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geophysicist deploys campaign GPS sites on the Kīlauea caldera floor in Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park to measure changes in ground motion. The gas plume from the summit eruption within Halema‘uma‘u crater is visible in the background. USGS photo taken by A. Ellis on December 21.

Water sampling at Kīlauea summit with an unmanned aerial system

Continued slow rise of water level at bottom of Halema‘uma‘u

Water pond at Kīlauea summit continues to rise and enlarge

HVO staff practice Drop, Cover, and Hold during the Great Hawaii ShakeOut

New USGS video posted online: "Water appears in Halema‘uma‘u"

Continued slow rise of water at the bottom of Halema‘uma‘u

HVO measures water table at Keller Well

A new USGS geonarrative provides a brief overview of recent Kīlauea eruptions, highlighting the circumstances leading up to and summarizing the 2018 events.

Stable temperatures at Halema‘uma‘u water pond

Halema‘uma‘u water pond on September 14

Halema‘uma‘u water pond on September 10

Animated, comparison, and video imagery of the Halema‘uma‘u water pond.