Method development for intestinal cannulation to dose filter feeding fishes
Currently, the only U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) registered pesticide for resource managers to control populations of Invasive Carp (e.g., Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) are rotenone (Prenfish Fish Toxicant; EPA Reg. No. 89459-85) and Carbon Dioxide – Carp (EPA Reg. No. 6704-95). An alternative to rotenone and Carbon Dioxide – Carp, antimycin-A (ANT-A), is desired by managers to control invasive fish populations. Currently a submission is being prepared to register a formulation containing ANT-A with the USEPA. Pesticide use could be targeted in locations where dense populations of undesired fish occur or can include complete site renovations. Both rotenone and antimycin-a are non-selective pesticide that affect both targeted and non-targeted fishes.
Recently, selectivity has been demonstrated via oral delivery by use of microparticle technology, which exploits the filter-feeding strategy of Bighead and Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; collectively known as Bigheaded Carp). Continued research seeks to determine susceptibility of native filter-feeding species to this delivery tool. Antimycin-A encapsulation (i.e., microparticle) and pesticidal effectiveness caused lethality in Bigheaded Carp during laboratory trials (UMESC) and a proof-of-concept pond study at Rathbun Fish Hatchery (Rathbun, Iowa; unpublished data). However, limited lethality to Bigheaded Carps using ANT-A microparticles indicated optimization is necessary to improve bioavailability and increase fish acceptance and consumption, and ANT-A bioavailability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Standard gavage methods for testing oral toxicity and bioavailability are not a possibility with filter feeding fishes such as Bigheaded Carp due to their physiology (e.g., pharyngeal teeth, lack of a true stomach, fragile GI tract). Therefore, the goal of this project is to examine ANT-A gut uptake using intestinal cannulation methods to characterize oral toxicity, chemical bioavailability, and tissue biodistribution in Bighead Carp using a model compound 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and ANT-A.
Currently, the only U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) registered pesticide for resource managers to control populations of Invasive Carp (e.g., Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) are rotenone (Prenfish Fish Toxicant; EPA Reg. No. 89459-85) and Carbon Dioxide – Carp (EPA Reg. No. 6704-95). An alternative to rotenone and Carbon Dioxide – Carp, antimycin-A (ANT-A), is desired by managers to control invasive fish populations. Currently a submission is being prepared to register a formulation containing ANT-A with the USEPA. Pesticide use could be targeted in locations where dense populations of undesired fish occur or can include complete site renovations. Both rotenone and antimycin-a are non-selective pesticide that affect both targeted and non-targeted fishes.
Recently, selectivity has been demonstrated via oral delivery by use of microparticle technology, which exploits the filter-feeding strategy of Bighead and Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix; collectively known as Bigheaded Carp). Continued research seeks to determine susceptibility of native filter-feeding species to this delivery tool. Antimycin-A encapsulation (i.e., microparticle) and pesticidal effectiveness caused lethality in Bigheaded Carp during laboratory trials (UMESC) and a proof-of-concept pond study at Rathbun Fish Hatchery (Rathbun, Iowa; unpublished data). However, limited lethality to Bigheaded Carps using ANT-A microparticles indicated optimization is necessary to improve bioavailability and increase fish acceptance and consumption, and ANT-A bioavailability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Standard gavage methods for testing oral toxicity and bioavailability are not a possibility with filter feeding fishes such as Bigheaded Carp due to their physiology (e.g., pharyngeal teeth, lack of a true stomach, fragile GI tract). Therefore, the goal of this project is to examine ANT-A gut uptake using intestinal cannulation methods to characterize oral toxicity, chemical bioavailability, and tissue biodistribution in Bighead Carp using a model compound 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and ANT-A.