Skip to main content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

MODFLOW, MT3D-USGS and VS2DH simulations used to estimate groundwater and nutrient inflow to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon

February 10, 2021

One-dimensional vertical models of GW flow (MODFLOW-2005) and solute transport (MT3D-USGS) were calibrated (UCODE) to 2014 observed dissolved silica (Si, 0.2-micron filtered) porewater concentrations in the upper 0.1 m of lakebed sediment to estimate GW flow and Si exchange across the lakebed interface. The Si-based calibrated GW flow rates were then used in conjunction with observed dissolved phosphate-phosphorus (PP) porewater concentrations in the upper 0.1 m of lakebed sediment to estimate the amount of PP reacted during upward flow through the lakebed sediment and the PP discharge to the lake. One-dimensional, vertical GW flow and heat transport models (VS2DH) were calibrated (UCODE) to 2015 and 2017 observed lakebed temperatures to provide estimates of GW-inflow rates at multiple UKL locations. Calibrated GW inflows were greatest in the spring and decreased through the summer. The magnitude and timing of the GW-lake water exchange estimates obtained from these methods were compared to rates obtained from a generalized cross-sectional GW flow model (MODFLOW-NWT) with time-varying recharge. The cross-sectional GW flow model demonstrated that snow-melt GW recharge could be transported rapidly to the lake due to the relatively high permeability and low specific storage of the surrounding volcanic rocks explaining the greater GW discharge to the lake in the spring. This USGS data release contains all the input and output files for the simulations described in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142768).

Publication Year 2021
Title MODFLOW, MT3D-USGS and VS2DH simulations used to estimate groundwater and nutrient inflow to Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon
DOI 10.5066/P98C5H5N
Authors Hedeff I Essaid, James S Kuwabara, Nicholas T Corson-Dosch, James L. Carter, Brent R Topping
Product Type Data Release
Record Source USGS Asset Identifier Service (AIS)
USGS Organization Water Resources Mission Area - Headquarters
Was this page helpful?