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The USGS National Center site straddles the boundary of the eastern edge of the Triassic lowland and the margin of the Piedmont crystalline rock province. The Piedmont upland at the east side of the site is underlain by the Peters Creek Schist, a foliated metamorphic rock that is probably 550 to 650 million years old.
The National Center site (105 acres) provides habitat for many native and migratory birds, insects, and large and small mammals. Visitors are invited to enjoy these surroundings by exploring the USGS Woodland and Rock Garden Walks.