Dr. Barbara Kus is a Research Ecologist with the Western Ecological Research Center.
Dr. Kus designs and conducts original field research on avian ecology and conservation to support science-based natural resource management in national and international contexts. Dr. Kus interacts closely with federal, state, and local resource managers and regulatory agencies to prioritize research needs, and design and conduct investigations to meet those needs. As a scientist broadly trained in ecology and evolutionary biology, she focuses her research on integrating management, which is typically short-term and threats-driven, with an evolutionary perspective that seeks longer-term sustainability of species and ecosystems through maintenance of evolutionary processes required for persistence. A theme of her research is that it is strategically long-term, yielding unique datasets that incorporate spatial and temporal patterns of response to environmental variability needed for this evolutionary perspective.
RESEARCH INTERESTS
- Ecology and Conservation of Endangered Riparian Birds
- Response of Riparian Bird Communities to Habitat Restoration
- Ecology and Population Trends of Neotropical Migratory Birds
- Population Genetic Structure of Endangered Birds
- Post-wildfire Recovery of Riparian and Coastal Sage Scrub Bird Communities and Habitats
Education and Certifications
Ph.D., Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 1985
M.S., Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 1980
B.S., Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 1977
B.A., Zoology, University of California, Davis, CA 1977
Science and Products
Decision-support tool for managing endangered species in the face of uncertainty
WERC Fire Science
Population Structure and Demography of the Least Bell’s Vireo and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher and Use of Restored Riparian Habitat
Distribution, Population Genetic Structure and Demography of Coastal Cactus Wrens in Southern California
Distribution, Occupancy and Population Genetic Structure of California Gnatcatchers in Southern California
Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS)
San Diego Field Station
Drainage Areas for Stream Segments in Western San Diego County
Capture Data and SNP Genotypes to Evaluate Subspecies Range Boundaries of the Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus and V. b. arizonae) (2010-2022)
Vegetation Height in Open Space in San Diego County, Derived from 2014 NAIP Imagery and 2014/2015 Lidar
Rangewide Occupancy and Post-Fire Recovery of California Gnatcatchers in Southern California
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) Surveys and Nest Monitoring in San Diego County, California (ver. 2.0, January 2023)
Surveys and Monitoring of Coastal Cactus Wren in Southern San Diego County (ver. 3.0, May 2023)
Microsatellite Genotypes for Coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) from Southern California, 2009-2019
Distribution and Breeding Status of Least Bell's Vireo Along the San Diego and Tijuana Rivers in San Diego County, California (2020)
Distribution and Abundance of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the Middle San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, Southern California in 2021
Coastal California Gnatcatcher Habitat Suitability Model for Southern California (2015)
Least Bell's Vireo Habitat Suitability Model for California (2019)
Distribution and Population Genetic Structure of Coastal Cactus Wrens in Southern California
Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) 6-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2014–20
Prioritizing the risk and management of introduced species in a landscape with high indigenous biodiversity
Least Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area in San Diego County, California—Breeding activities and habitat use—2022 annual report
Least Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys in the Sepulveda Dam Basin, Los Angeles County, California—2022 data summary
Historical DNA reveals climate adaptation in an endangered songbird
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys at the city of Carlsbad Preserve, San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
Distribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
Distribution and abundance of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the upper San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
Distribution and abundance of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica) at the Santa Fe Dam, Los Angeles County, Cali
State of the Regional Preserve System in western San Diego County
Distribution and demography of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers in San Diego County, 2015–19
We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) at 33 locations along multiple drainages in San Diego County, including portions of Agua Hedionda Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Escondido Creek, Los Penasquitos Creek, Otay River, San Diego River, San Dieguito River, San Luis Rey River, Sweetwater River, and Tijuana River. Resident flycatchers were only found on tw
Distribution and abundance of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the Upper San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California—2021 data summary
Science and Products
- Science
Decision-support tool for managing endangered species in the face of uncertainty
Along the Santa Clara River in California, populations of the federally and state-listed Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) are recovering from near extirpation. Habitat protection and restoration, as well as reducing brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), are thought to be the primary drivers of this recovery. The challenge going forward is to find the right balance...WERC Fire Science
WERC scientists are defining the past, present, and future of wildfires for wildlife and human communities. Explore this webpage to learn about specific, ongoing projects across California and parts of Nevada.Population Structure and Demography of the Least Bell’s Vireo and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher and Use of Restored Riparian Habitat
Riparian woodlands are highly productive ecosystems that support a disproportionately high fraction of regional biodiversity. They are also one of the most endangered terrestrial systems in temperate North America, and have been reduced to just 5% of their former extent in California and throughout the American southwest. These losses have been accompanied by steep declines in numerous plant and...Distribution, Population Genetic Structure and Demography of Coastal Cactus Wrens in Southern California
Dr. Barbara Kus studies the demography and genetic structure of remaining populations of the coastal Cactus Wren to help managers develop strategies to increase the stability of wren populations.Distribution, Occupancy and Population Genetic Structure of California Gnatcatchers in Southern California
The coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica), a federally threatened species, is considered a flagship species for southern California conservation planning. Dr. Barbara Kus collaborates with Dr. Amy Vandergast and local agencies to provide information to managers that can be used to conserve this species and its habitat.Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS)
Dr. Barbara Kus is a partner in an international bird-monitoring program to provide long-term data throughout North America. MAPS or “Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship”, uses capture and banding data to compile basic demographic parameters of migratory species, many of which are imperiled regionally and even globally. Age- and sex-specific data on annual survival, reproduction, and...San Diego Field Station
The San Diego Field Station is the site of research on golden eagles, endangered amphibians and reptiles, and more. Click on the "Science" tab for a comprehensive summary of this study site's projects. - Data
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Drainage Areas for Stream Segments in Western San Diego County
Drainage areas (or watersheds) were calculated for each stream segment in the National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution Plus Beta (NHD HR Plus Beta) using non-end junction points and the provided hydrologically enforced Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The DEM was used to create a flow direction raster. The pour points used were determined from junction points at each stream intersection excludinCapture Data and SNP Genotypes to Evaluate Subspecies Range Boundaries of the Bell’s vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus and V. b. arizonae) (2010-2022)
Genetic samples in the form of a small blood sample were collected from 263 Bell's vireos (Vireo bellii) in drainages throughout southern and central California, Arizona, southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah. We used population genomic techniques to delineate the range limit between the Least Bell's Vireo (V. b. pusillus) and its conspecific geographical neighbor, the Arizona Bell's Vireo (V. bVegetation Height in Open Space in San Diego County, Derived from 2014 NAIP Imagery and 2014/2015 Lidar
Shrublands have seen large changes over time due to factors such as fire and drought. As the climate continues to change, vegetation monitoring at the county scale is essential to identify large-scale changes and to develop sampling designs for field-based vegetation studies. This dataset contains two raster files that each depict the height of vegetation. The first layer is restricted to activelyRangewide Occupancy and Post-Fire Recovery of California Gnatcatchers in Southern California
This project has two goals: Goal 1: The goal of this project is to conduct a statistically rigorous study of occupancy to determine the post-fire recovery of gnatcatchers and coastal sage scrub vegetation with the goal of informing management before, during, and after fire. Goal 2: The goal of this project is to conduct rangewide surveys to determine California Gnatcatcher occupancy at a regionalSouthwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) Surveys and Nest Monitoring in San Diego County, California (ver. 2.0, January 2023)
Data presented are results of surveys and monitoring for Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) in San Diego County, California. These data were collected to assess Southwestern Willow Flycatcher abundance and distribution in San Diego County. Surveys were conducted in various years at 33 locations along 10 drainages in San Diego County, including portions of Agua Hedionda CreSurveys and Monitoring of Coastal Cactus Wren in Southern San Diego County (ver. 3.0, May 2023)
Data presented are results of surveys and monitoring for San Diego Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in southern San Diego County. These data were collected to assess Cactus Wren population status following 3 years of drought and determine the relationships between specific elements of habitat quality, food availability, and Cactus Wren productivity and survival. Surveys were conductedMicrosatellite Genotypes for Coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) from Southern California, 2009-2019
These data show multilocus genotypes, banding age, and territory for coastal cactus wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) sampled in coastal southern California between 2009 and 2019. These data support the following publication: Vandergast, A.G., Kus, B.E., Smith, J.G. and Mitelberg, A., 2022. Recent declines in genetic diversity with limited dispersal among coastal cactus wren populations inDistribution and Breeding Status of Least Bell's Vireo Along the San Diego and Tijuana Rivers in San Diego County, California (2020)
The spatial data results of USGS surveys for Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus, LBVI) along the Tijuana River and San Diego River in 2020 to determine abundance and distribution of vireos to facilitate population trend analyses and collect information on dispersal and site fidelity of banded vireos as part of long-term demographic studies at multiple sites. These data support the followinDistribution and Abundance of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the Middle San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, Southern California in 2021
We surveyed for Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) along the San Luis Rey River, between College Boulevard in Oceanside and Interstate 15 in Fallbrook, California (middle San Luis Rey River), in 2021. Surveys were conducted from April 13 to July 14 (vireo) and from May 18 to July 13 (flycatcher). We foundCoastal California Gnatcatcher Habitat Suitability Model for Southern California (2015)
This habitat model was developed to delineate a sampling frame for regional monitoring of coastal California gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica) to determine: 1) percent area occupied (PAO) in high and very high suitability habitat across conserved lands and participating military lands in the U.S. range in southern California; 2) changes in PAO over time; and 3) extinction and colonLeast Bell's Vireo Habitat Suitability Model for California (2019)
This habitat model was developed to identify suitable habitat for the federally-endangered least Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) across its current and historic range in California. The vireo disappeared from most of its range by the 1980s, remaining only in small populations in southern California. Habitat protection and management since the mid-1980s has led to an increase in southern CalifDistribution and Population Genetic Structure of Coastal Cactus Wrens in Southern California
Data presented are 1.) the locations where Coastal Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) genetic samples were collected in southern California, in 2011, 2012, and 2013; 2.) 2012 and 2013 survey results; 3.) the territory locations of all Cactus Wrens detected in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties; and 4.) dispersal results on a subset of Cactus Wrens color ba - Multimedia
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 65
Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) 6-year summary, Naval Outlying Landing Field, Imperial Beach, southwestern San Diego County, California, 2014–20
Executive SummaryFrom 2014 to 2020, a Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) banding station (station) was operated at the Naval Outlying Landing Field (NOLF), Imperial Beach, in southwestern San Diego County, California. The station was established as part of a long-term monitoring program of Neotropical migratory bird populations on NOLF and helps Naval Base Coronado (NOLF is a coAuthorsSuellen Lynn, Shannon Mendia, Barbara E. KusPrioritizing the risk and management of introduced species in a landscape with high indigenous biodiversity
Risk analysis protocols for prioritizing the management of non-native species are numerous, yet few incorporate risk and management in the same analysis or accommodate a broad diversity of taxa outside of a specific geographic area. We adapted a protocol that accounts for these factors to address non-native animal species in the Southern California/Northern Baja California Coast Ecoregion near theAuthorsJonathan Q. Richmond, Jennifer Kingston, Brittany Ewing, Wendy M Bear, Stacie A. Hathaway, Cedric Lee, Camm C. Swift, Kristine L. Preston, Allison J. Schultz, Barbara E. Kus, Kerwin Russell, Philip Unitt, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, Robert E. Espinoza, Michael Wall, Scott Tremor, Kai Palenscar, Robert N. FisherLeast Bell's Vireos and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers at the San Luis Rey Flood Risk Management Project Area in San Diego County, California—Breeding activities and habitat use—2022 annual report
Executive SummaryWe completed four protocol surveys for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo) during the breeding season, supplemented by weekly territory monitoring visits. We identified a total of 133 territorial male vireos; 114 were confirmed as paired, and 3 were confirmed as single males. For the remaining 16 territories, we were unable to confirm breeding status. Two transientAuthorsAlexandra Houston, Lisa D. Allen, Shannon M. Mendia, Barbara E. KusLeast Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys in the Sepulveda Dam Basin, Los Angeles County, California—2022 data summary
Executive SummaryWe surveyed for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) along Bull Creek, Haskell Creek, and the Los Angeles River (Sepulveda Dam project area) in Los Angeles County, California, in 2022. Four vireo surveys were completed from April 26 to July 14, and three flycatcher surveys were completed froAuthorsRyan E. Pottinger, Barbara E. KusHistorical DNA reveals climate adaptation in an endangered songbird
To cope with climate change, species may shift their distributions or adapt in situ to changing environmental conditions. However, clear examples of genetic changes via adaptation are limited. We explore evolutionary responses to climate change in the endangered southwestern willow flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) through whole-genome comparisons between historical specimens, collected fromAuthorsSheela P. Turbek, Christen Bossu, Christine Rayne, Cristian Gruppi, Barbara E. Kus, Mary J. Whitfield, Thomas B. Smith, Eben H. Paxton, Rachael A. Bay, Kristen C RueggSouthwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys at the city of Carlsbad Preserve, San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
Executive SummaryWe surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) at five survey areas within the City of Carlsbad Preserve, Carlsbad, California, in 2022. Three flycatcher surveys were completed between May 18 and June 29, 2022. Territorial or transient flycatchers were not observed at the City of Carlsbad Preserve in 2022.AuthorsLisa D. Allen, Barbara E. KusDistribution and demography of coastal Cactus Wrens (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
We surveyed for coastal Cactus Wren (Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus) in 507 established plots in San Diego County in 2022, encompassing 4 genetic clusters (Otay, Lake Jennings, Sweetwater/Encanto, and San Pasqual). Two surveys were completed at each plot between March 1 and July 31. Cactus Wrens were detected in 214 plots (42 percent of plots). Cactus Wrens were detected in 31 percent of plots thAuthorsSuellen Lynn, Barbara E. KusDistribution and abundance of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the upper San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California—2022 data summary
Executive SummaryWe surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) along the upper San Luis Rey River near Lake Henshaw in Santa Ysabel, California, in 2022. Surveys were completed at four locations: three downstream from Lake Henshaw, where surveys occurred from 2015 to 2021 (Rey River Ranch [RRR], Cleveland National Forest [CNF], Vista Irrigation District [AuthorsScarlett L. Howell, Barbara E. KusDistribution and abundance of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica) at the Santa Fe Dam, Los Angeles County, Cali
In 2022, we surveyed for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica; gnatcatcher) in the Santa Fe Dam detention basin and along the San Gabriel River upstream from the Santa Fe Dam near Irwindale, California. Four vireo surveys were completed beAuthorsSuellen Lynn, Barbara E. KusState of the Regional Preserve System in western San Diego County
No abstract available.AuthorsKristine L. Preston, Emily E. Perkins, Christopher W. Brown, Sarah Joelle McCutcheon, Annabelle E Bernabe, Emilie Luciani, Barbara E. Kus, Susan WynnDistribution and demography of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers in San Diego County, 2015–19
We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) at 33 locations along multiple drainages in San Diego County, including portions of Agua Hedionda Creek, Cottonwood Creek, Escondido Creek, Los Penasquitos Creek, Otay River, San Diego River, San Dieguito River, San Luis Rey River, Sweetwater River, and Tijuana River. Resident flycatchers were only found on tw
AuthorsScarlett L. Howell, Barbara E. Kus, Shannon M. MendiaDistribution and abundance of Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) on the Upper San Luis Rey River, San Diego County, California—2021 data summary
We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) along the upper San Luis Rey River near Lake Henshaw in Santa Ysabel, California, in 2021. Surveys were completed at four locations: three downstream from Lake Henshaw, where surveys occurred from 2015 to 2020 (Rey River Ranch [RRR], Cleveland National Forest [CNF], Vista Irrigation District [VID]), and one atAuthorsScarlett L. Howell, Barbara E. Kus - News