This dataset includes geospatial results of the following Urban Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (Urban InVEST) ecosystem service models for the years 2001, 2011, and 2021 for metropolitan areas in the contiguous United States: Urban Cooling, Urban Nature Access, Urban Stormwater Retention, and Carbon Storage & Sequestration. The Urban Cooling results include heat mitigation index raster maps for all 380 U.S. Census-designated metropolitan areas for each of the summer months of 2001, 2011, and 2021, as well as polygon vectors of Census tract-level savings ($) from reduced air conditioning expenditures due to urban cooling for each year. The Urban Nature Access results are likewise aggregated to the Census tract-level for all 380 metropolitan areas, containing measures of the net nature supply per capita and the number of people in a tract estimated to be undersupplied with urban nature (given a baseline requirement of 50m^2 per person). The Urban Stormwater Retention model results are given as rasters of stormwater retention volume in m^3, only for cities containing a combined sewer overflow (CSO) system, as these are the cities for which this measure is most appropriate. Finally, the InVEST carbon storage rasters are for the entire contiguous U.S.
