This dataset contains presence/absence records for buffalofishes sampled at 46 unique sites in the lower Red River catchment of Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas during 2021-2023. Each site was surveyed 1-3 times during high-falling hydrographs (April - September). Survey and site associated environmental data are also included. Survey-associated data includes sampling effort, water temperature, water clarity, and daily scaled discharge. Site-associated data includes proportion slackwater habitat, width-to-depth ratio, salinity, distance to nearest upstream dam, median scaled discharge during sampling season, river sinuosity, stream slope, mean elevation, catchment area, landscape disturbance index, and proportion limestone composition.