March 19, 2025 — Gas-piston cycle at Kīlauea summit

In the top panel, lava rises in the north vent in Halemaʻumaʻu prior to Episode 14 on March 19, 2025. Note that only a faint, hazy gas plume is visible near the right edge of the lava surface. In the middle panel, the lava surface has risen to the point of spilling lava out of the vent and has begun to spatter and more violently release the trapped gas, with a more obvious plume. In the bottom panel, the lava is more clearly draining down in the center of the vent, with the lava surface dropping and even more of a plume visible as more gas escapes. USGS photos.