December 2, 2025—Halemaʻumaʻu north vent video

During a USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory monitoring overflight the morning of December 2, 2025, geologists were able to see a spattering lava surface deep within the north vent. The yellow material around the vents is native sulfur. Continued degassing from the vents at the summit of Kīlauea volcano produces native sulfur when sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide gases react and cool upon reaching the surface.  USGS video by K. Mulliken.