The USGS has published chemistry data for volcanic and hydrothermal fluids sampled at sites around the United States.
USGS volcano-hydrothermal fluid chemistry data
Western USA
Gregoire, R., Peek, S.E., and Hurwitz, S., 2024, Water and gas chemistry data from wells and hot springs in the Western USA, 1930 – 2006: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96Q13U3 **a digitized and reformatted data compilation from 20 previously published U.S. Geological Survey Open-File reports and journal articles. Most of the reports were authored by R.H. Mariner and colleagues.
Alaska
Bergfeld, D., Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Hunt, A.G., Revesz, K., and Huebner, M. 2014, Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5231, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135231
Bergfeld, D., Neal, T., McGimsey, G., Werner, C., Waythomas, C., Lewicki, J., Lopez, T., Mangan, M., Miller, T., Diefenbach, A., Schaefer, J., Coombs, M., Wang, B., Nicolaysen, K., Izbekov, P., Maharrey, Z., Huebner, M., Hunt, A., Fitzpatrick, J., and Freeburg, G., 2015, Aleutian Arc geothermal fluids: chemical analyses of waters and gases (2015): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55VB
Kelly, P., Kern, C., Werner, C., and Clor, L., 2021, Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MC3G1N
Kern, C., and Kelly, P., 2023, Airborne Survey of Gas Emissions from Volcanoes in the Cook Inlet and Northern Alaska Peninsula, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YTK9PE
Symonds, R.B., Ritchie, B.E., McGimsey, R.G., Ort, M.H., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C. and Janik, C.J., 1997, Investigations of gas seeps and springs in the vicinity of the gas rocks, south shore Becharof Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-127, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97127
Symonds, R.B., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C., Janik, C.J., and Ritchie, B.E., 2003, Mantle and crustal sources of carbon, nitrogen, and noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanic gases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-436, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03436
Werner, C., Kern, C., and Kelly, P. K., 2020, Chemical evaluation of water and gases collected from hydrothermal systems located in the central Aleutian arc, August 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5043, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205043
California
Bergfeld, D., 2020, Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 - 2020: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P995O0VF
Janik, C. J., Goff, F, Sorey, M. L., Rytuba, J. J., Counce, E. M., Colvard, E. M., Huebner, M., White, L. D., Foster, A., 1999, Physical, Chemical, and Isotopic Data for Samples from the Anderson Springs Area, Lake County, California, 1998–1999: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-585, 27 pp., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/
Janik, C.J., and Bergfeld D., 2010, Analyses of gas, steam and water samples collected in and around Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, 1975–2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1036, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101036
Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., King, J., and Hunt, A.G., 2019, Fumarole gas geochemistry and tree-ring radiocarbon data at Mammoth Mountain, California (1989-2016): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FGZ0ED
Lewicki, J.L., 2021, Long-term CO2 emissions measurements, Horseshoe Lake tree kill area, Mammoth Mountain, CA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OJ3KFK
Lewicki, J.L., and Clor, L., 2024, Carbon dioxide flux measurements at and adjacent to the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FFJ2VL
Lewicki, J.L., Bergfeld, D., Peek, S., Evans, W.C., Ingebritsen, S.E., Clor, L., and Hunt, A.G., 2024, Chemical and isotopic compositions of gases from volcanic and geothermal areas in California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W29CON
Lowenstern, J.B., Janik, C.J., Fahlquist, L., and Johnson, L.S., 1999, Gas and Isotope Geochemistry of 81 Steam Samples from Wells in The Geysers Geothermal Field, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-304, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-304/
Cascades
Ingebritsen, S.E., Mariner, R.H., and Sherrod, D.R., 1994, Hydrothermal systems of the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-L, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044L
Kelly, P.J., and Clor, L.E., 2021, Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B6OMC4
Symonds, R.B., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C., Janik, C.J., and Ritchie, B.E., 2003, Mantle and crustal sources of carbon, nitrogen, and noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanic gases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-436, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03436
Hawai’i
Casadevall, T.J., Stokes, J.B., Greenland, L.P., Malinconico, L.L., Casadevall, J.R., and Furukawa, B.T., 1987, SO2 and CO2 emission rates at Kilauea Volcano, 1979–1984: Chap. 29 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 771–780, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., Stokes, J.B., and Casadevall, T.J., 1998, Sulfur dioxide emission rates of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 1979–1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98–462, 40 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-462/
Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J. 2012, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 2007–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1107, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121107
Elias, T., Kern, C., Horton, K., Garbeil, H., and Sutton, A.J., 2018, SO2 emission rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (2014-2017): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7794402
Elias, T., Kern, C., Sutton, A.J., and Horton, K., 2020, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2008-2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K0EZII
Greenland, L.P., 1987a, Hawaiian eruptive gases: Chap. 28 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 759–770, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Greenland, L.P., 1987b, Composition of gases from the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano: Chap. 30 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 781–790, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Hinkle, M.E., and Stokes, J.B., 1990, Tabulation of CO2, SO2, and He concentrations in summit fumarole gases and wind and rainfall data at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period June 1987 - February 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-507, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90507
Hurwitz, S., Peek, S., Younger, E.F., and Lee, R.L., 2019, Water level, temperature and chemistry in a deep well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UCGT2F
Hurwitz, S., Peek, S.E., Scholl, M.A., Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Kauahikaua, J.P., Gingerich, S.B., Hsieh, P.A., Lee, R.L., Younger, E.F., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 2021, Groundwater dynamics at Kīlauea Volcano and vicinity, Hawaiʻi: Chap. F of Patrick, M., Orr, T., Swanson, D., and Houghton, B., eds., The 2008–2018 summit lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1867, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1867F
Janik, C.J., and Nathenson, M., 1994, Chemistry of spring and well waters on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-586, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94586
Kern, C., Lerner, A., Elias, T., Nadeau, P., Werner, C., Clor, L., and Cappos, M., 2020, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy data acquired during the 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LXBJF3
Lewicki, J.L., Elias, T., Nadeau, T.A., Yelenik, S.G., and Bergfeld, D., 2020, Gas emission and ground temperature measurements at Puhimau thermal area, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94MJ728
McCleskey, R.B., Hurwitz, S., Younger, E.F., Roth, D.A., Johnson, M.O., and Elias, T., 2020, Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVN915
Nadeau, P.A., Kern, C., Cappos, M.J., Elias, T., Warren, S.M., Lerner, A.H., Sealing, C.R., Slagle, C.L., Moisseeva, N., Holland, L.D., Clor, L., and Werner, C.A., 2023, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2018-2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SNW2B7
Peek, S.E, Nadeau, P.A., Warren, S.M., Elias, T., Hunt, A.G., and Hurwitz, S., 2020. Gas chemistry and isotope compositions at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V9FSFZ
Peek, S., Nadeau, P.A., Younger, E.F., Elias, T., Kelly, P.J., Damby, D.E., Najorka, J., Lerner, A.H., and Hurwitz, S., 2023, Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99H412X
Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 1993, Annotated bibliography; volcanic gas emissions and their effect on ambient air character: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–551–E, 26 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0551e/report.pdf
Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., and Navarrete, R., 1994, Volcanic gas emissions and their impact on ambient air character at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–569, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94569
Yellowstone
Bergfeld, D., Lowenstern, J.B., Hunt, A.G., Hurwitz, S., McCleskey, B.R., and Peek, S.E., 2019, Chemical and isotopic data on gases and waters for thermal and non-thermal features across Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, March 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13105
Hurwitz, S., 2024, Major element chemistry of water from Old Faithful Geyser and the Firehole River, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey, data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P139XEUL
Kelly, P.J., Clor, L., Dobeck, L., and Lewicki, J., 2023, Provisional Multi-GAS Volcanic Gas Monitoring Data, Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UGIXY5
Lewicki, J.L., Kelly, P.J., Bergfeld, Deborah, Vaughan, R.G., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2017, Gas and heat emission measurements in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (May-October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F70P0Z03
Lewicki, J.L., Kelly, P.J., and Clor, L.E., 2019, Gas and heat emission measurements at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park (May-September 2017): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XOHUDO
Lewicki, J.L., and Dobeck, L.M., 2020, Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AKQFGV
McCleskey, R.B., Mahony, D., Hurwitz, S., Heasler, H., Huebner, M.A., Lowenstern, J.B., 2017, River chemistry in Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RRD
McCleskey, R.B., Roth, D.A., Hurwitz, S., Bergfeld, D., Peek, S.E., Susong, D.D., White, E.B., Hungerford, J., Hunt, A.G., Paces, J.B., and Olson, L., 2019, Water chemistry data for selected hot springs and rivers in Southwest Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MJ0HYM
McCleskey, R.B., Roth, D.A., Hurwitz, S., Bliznik, P.A., Peek, S.E., Hunt, A.G., Repert, D.A., Nordstrom, D.K., Holloway, J.M., Ball, J.W., and Price, M.B., 2022, Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (ver. 2.0, March 2025): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92XKJU7
Paces, J.B., Hurwitz, S., Harrison, L.N., and Cullen, J.T., 2022, Sr and U concentrations and radiogenic isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) of thermal waters, streamflow, travertine, and rock samples along with U-Th disequilibrium ages for travertine deposits from various locations in Yellowstone National Park, USA (ver. 2.0, August 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JPX2RO
Price, M.B., McCleskey, R.B., Oaks, A., Hurwitz, S., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2024, Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KSEVI1
The USGS has published chemistry data for volcanic and hydrothermal fluids sampled at sites around the United States.
USGS volcano-hydrothermal fluid chemistry data
Western USA
Gregoire, R., Peek, S.E., and Hurwitz, S., 2024, Water and gas chemistry data from wells and hot springs in the Western USA, 1930 – 2006: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P96Q13U3 **a digitized and reformatted data compilation from 20 previously published U.S. Geological Survey Open-File reports and journal articles. Most of the reports were authored by R.H. Mariner and colleagues.
Alaska
Bergfeld, D., Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Hunt, A.G., Revesz, K., and Huebner, M. 2014, Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5231, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135231
Bergfeld, D., Neal, T., McGimsey, G., Werner, C., Waythomas, C., Lewicki, J., Lopez, T., Mangan, M., Miller, T., Diefenbach, A., Schaefer, J., Coombs, M., Wang, B., Nicolaysen, K., Izbekov, P., Maharrey, Z., Huebner, M., Hunt, A., Fitzpatrick, J., and Freeburg, G., 2015, Aleutian Arc geothermal fluids: chemical analyses of waters and gases (2015): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74X55VB
Kelly, P., Kern, C., Werner, C., and Clor, L., 2021, Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MC3G1N
Kern, C., and Kelly, P., 2023, Airborne Survey of Gas Emissions from Volcanoes in the Cook Inlet and Northern Alaska Peninsula, 2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YTK9PE
Symonds, R.B., Ritchie, B.E., McGimsey, R.G., Ort, M.H., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C. and Janik, C.J., 1997, Investigations of gas seeps and springs in the vicinity of the gas rocks, south shore Becharof Lake, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-127, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr97127
Symonds, R.B., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C., Janik, C.J., and Ritchie, B.E., 2003, Mantle and crustal sources of carbon, nitrogen, and noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanic gases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-436, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03436
Werner, C., Kern, C., and Kelly, P. K., 2020, Chemical evaluation of water and gases collected from hydrothermal systems located in the central Aleutian arc, August 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2020–5043, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20205043
California
Bergfeld, D., 2020, Compositional data on gases collected at fumaroles, hot springs, and gas vents across the Long Valley Caldera, California, 1994 - 2020: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P995O0VF
Janik, C. J., Goff, F, Sorey, M. L., Rytuba, J. J., Counce, E. M., Colvard, E. M., Huebner, M., White, L. D., Foster, A., 1999, Physical, Chemical, and Isotopic Data for Samples from the Anderson Springs Area, Lake County, California, 1998–1999: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-585, 27 pp., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/0585/
Janik, C.J., and Bergfeld D., 2010, Analyses of gas, steam and water samples collected in and around Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, 1975–2002: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1036, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101036
Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., King, J., and Hunt, A.G., 2019, Fumarole gas geochemistry and tree-ring radiocarbon data at Mammoth Mountain, California (1989-2016): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FGZ0ED
Lewicki, J.L., 2021, Long-term CO2 emissions measurements, Horseshoe Lake tree kill area, Mammoth Mountain, CA: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9OJ3KFK
Lewicki, J.L., and Clor, L., 2024, Carbon dioxide flux measurements at and adjacent to the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine, Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FFJ2VL
Lewicki, J.L., Bergfeld, D., Peek, S., Evans, W.C., Ingebritsen, S.E., Clor, L., and Hunt, A.G., 2024, Chemical and isotopic compositions of gases from volcanic and geothermal areas in California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9W29CON
Lowenstern, J.B., Janik, C.J., Fahlquist, L., and Johnson, L.S., 1999, Gas and Isotope Geochemistry of 81 Steam Samples from Wells in The Geysers Geothermal Field, Sonoma and Lake Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-304, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/of99-304/
Cascades
Ingebritsen, S.E., Mariner, R.H., and Sherrod, D.R., 1994, Hydrothermal systems of the Cascade Range, north-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1044-L, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1044L
Kelly, P.J., and Clor, L.E., 2021, Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9B6OMC4
Symonds, R.B., Poreda, R.J., Evans, W.C., Janik, C.J., and Ritchie, B.E., 2003, Mantle and crustal sources of carbon, nitrogen, and noble gases in Cascade-Range and Aleutian-Arc volcanic gases: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-436, https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr03436
Hawai’i
Casadevall, T.J., Stokes, J.B., Greenland, L.P., Malinconico, L.L., Casadevall, J.R., and Furukawa, B.T., 1987, SO2 and CO2 emission rates at Kilauea Volcano, 1979–1984: Chap. 29 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 771–780, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Elias, T., Sutton, A.J., Stokes, J.B., and Casadevall, T.J., 1998, Sulfur dioxide emission rates of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 1979–1997: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98–462, 40 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1998/of98-462/
Elias, T., and Sutton, A.J. 2012, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, 2007–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1107, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121107
Elias, T., Kern, C., Horton, K., Garbeil, H., and Sutton, A.J., 2018, SO2 emission rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii (2014-2017): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7794402
Elias, T., Kern, C., Sutton, A.J., and Horton, K., 2020, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2008-2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9K0EZII
Greenland, L.P., 1987a, Hawaiian eruptive gases: Chap. 28 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 759–770, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Greenland, L.P., 1987b, Composition of gases from the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa Volcano: Chap. 30 of Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., eds., Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, v. 1, p. 781–790, https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1987/1350/
Hinkle, M.E., and Stokes, J.B., 1990, Tabulation of CO2, SO2, and He concentrations in summit fumarole gases and wind and rainfall data at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, for the period June 1987 - February 1989: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-507, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90507
Hurwitz, S., Peek, S., Younger, E.F., and Lee, R.L., 2019, Water level, temperature and chemistry in a deep well on the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UCGT2F
Hurwitz, S., Peek, S.E., Scholl, M.A., Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Kauahikaua, J.P., Gingerich, S.B., Hsieh, P.A., Lee, R.L., Younger, E.F., and Ingebritsen, S.E., 2021, Groundwater dynamics at Kīlauea Volcano and vicinity, Hawaiʻi: Chap. F of Patrick, M., Orr, T., Swanson, D., and Houghton, B., eds., The 2008–2018 summit lava lake at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1867, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1867F
Janik, C.J., and Nathenson, M., 1994, Chemistry of spring and well waters on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-586, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94586
Kern, C., Lerner, A., Elias, T., Nadeau, P., Werner, C., Clor, L., and Cappos, M., 2020, Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy data acquired during the 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LXBJF3
Lewicki, J.L., Elias, T., Nadeau, T.A., Yelenik, S.G., and Bergfeld, D., 2020, Gas emission and ground temperature measurements at Puhimau thermal area, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P94MJ728
McCleskey, R.B., Hurwitz, S., Younger, E.F., Roth, D.A., Johnson, M.O., and Elias, T., 2020, Groundwater chemistry in the Lower East Rift Zone and summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9BVN915
Nadeau, P.A., Kern, C., Cappos, M.J., Elias, T., Warren, S.M., Lerner, A.H., Sealing, C.R., Slagle, C.L., Moisseeva, N., Holland, L.D., Clor, L., and Werner, C.A., 2023, Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Hawaiian volcanoes, 2018-2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SNW2B7
Peek, S.E, Nadeau, P.A., Warren, S.M., Elias, T., Hunt, A.G., and Hurwitz, S., 2020. Gas chemistry and isotope compositions at Sulphur Banks, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9V9FSFZ
Peek, S., Nadeau, P.A., Younger, E.F., Elias, T., Kelly, P.J., Damby, D.E., Najorka, J., Lerner, A.H., and Hurwitz, S., 2023, Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P99H412X
Sutton, A.J., and Elias, T., 1993, Annotated bibliography; volcanic gas emissions and their effect on ambient air character: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–551–E, 26 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0551e/report.pdf
Sutton, A.J., Elias, T., and Navarrete, R., 1994, Volcanic gas emissions and their impact on ambient air character at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–569, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94569
Yellowstone
Bergfeld, D., Lowenstern, J.B., Hunt, A.G., Hurwitz, S., McCleskey, B.R., and Peek, S.E., 2019, Chemical and isotopic data on gases and waters for thermal and non-thermal features across Yellowstone National Park (ver. 2.0, March 2019): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7H13105
Hurwitz, S., 2024, Major element chemistry of water from Old Faithful Geyser and the Firehole River, Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey, data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P139XEUL
Kelly, P.J., Clor, L., Dobeck, L., and Lewicki, J., 2023, Provisional Multi-GAS Volcanic Gas Monitoring Data, Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UGIXY5
Lewicki, J.L., Kelly, P.J., Bergfeld, Deborah, Vaughan, R.G., and Lowenstern, J.B., 2017, Gas and heat emission measurements in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (May-October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F70P0Z03
Lewicki, J.L., Kelly, P.J., and Clor, L.E., 2019, Gas and heat emission measurements at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park (May-September 2017): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XOHUDO
Lewicki, J.L., and Dobeck, L.M., 2020, Long-term gas and heat emissions measurements, Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AKQFGV
McCleskey, R.B., Mahony, D., Hurwitz, S., Heasler, H., Huebner, M.A., Lowenstern, J.B., 2017, River chemistry in Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RRD
McCleskey, R.B., Roth, D.A., Hurwitz, S., Bergfeld, D., Peek, S.E., Susong, D.D., White, E.B., Hungerford, J., Hunt, A.G., Paces, J.B., and Olson, L., 2019, Water chemistry data for selected hot springs and rivers in Southwest Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MJ0HYM
McCleskey, R.B., Roth, D.A., Hurwitz, S., Bliznik, P.A., Peek, S.E., Hunt, A.G., Repert, D.A., Nordstrom, D.K., Holloway, J.M., Ball, J.W., and Price, M.B., 2022, Water-Chemistry and Isotope Data for Selected Springs, Geysers, Streams, and Rivers in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming (ver. 2.0, March 2025): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92XKJU7
Paces, J.B., Hurwitz, S., Harrison, L.N., and Cullen, J.T., 2022, Sr and U concentrations and radiogenic isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U) of thermal waters, streamflow, travertine, and rock samples along with U-Th disequilibrium ages for travertine deposits from various locations in Yellowstone National Park, USA (ver. 2.0, August 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JPX2RO
Price, M.B., McCleskey, R.B., Oaks, A., Hurwitz, S., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2024, Historic Water Chemistry Data for Thermal Features, Streams, and Rivers in the Yellowstone National Park Area, 1883-2021: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KSEVI1