Kaolinite synthesis at 25°C

The addition of quercetin, an organic flavone (C₁₅H₁₀O₇), to aqueous solutions containing silica and aluminum and adjusted to final pH's from 6.5 to 8.5 produced a 1 : 1 alumninosilicate precipitate which, after 6 to 16 months of aging in solution at 25°C, contained as much as 5 percent well-formed kaolinite plates. Similar solutions containing no organic material produced relatively amorphous precipitates with the same composition and stability (standard free energy of formation = -897±1 kilocalories per mole) but with substantially smaller amounts of crystaline material even after 2 years of aging.