Large springs in the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of Pennsylvania

In the Valley and Ridge physiographic province of Pennsylvania, 137 springs have a single or median discharge value equal to or greater than 100 gallons per minute. Information for these large springs has been tabulated to summarize the data useful to the U.S. Geological Survey's Appalachian Valleys--Piedmont Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study. Among the springs measured or estimated to date (1989), 39 are of the fourth magnitude (100 to 449 gallons per minute), 83 of the third magnitude (449 to 4,490 gallons per minute), 15 of the second magnitude (4,490 to 44,900 gallons per minute), and none of the first magnitude (greater than 44,900 gallons per minute). There are 123 springs that discharge from carbonate rocks, 9 from clean sandstone, 3 from shale and other interbedded rock types, and 2 from unconsolidated material.