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Mineral commodity summaries 2025

January 31, 2025
Introduction 

Each mineral commodity chapter of the 2025 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production, reserves, and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2024 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses.

Abbreviations and units of measure and definitions of selected terms used in the report are in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively. Reserves and resources information is in Appendix C, which includes “Part A—Resource and Reserve Classification for Minerals” and “Part B—Sources of Reserves Data.” A directory of USGS minerals information country specialists and their responsibilities is in Appendix D.

The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the MCS 2025 are welcomed.

Publication Year 2025
Title Mineral commodity summaries 2025
DOI 10.3133/mcs2025
Publication Type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Series Title Mineral Commodity Summaries
Series Number 2025
Index ID mcs2025
Record Source USGS Publications Warehouse
USGS Organization National Minerals Information Center
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