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Only very strong shaking can break a tree

April 1, 2026

A handful of credible accounts, both recent and historical, describe trees being broken during earthquakes. Apart from landslides and tsunamis, such accounts are uncommon, suggesting that trees break only when ground acceleration is extreme or when trees are especially vulnerable to breakage. Here, I consider the question: what ground acceleration is required to break a living tree? I present simplified first‐principles calculations, considering the properties of common trees, focusing on tall, thin trees that can be approximated as uniform vertical cantilevers. The results suggest that, possibly excepting tall trees with heavy canopies, standing trees can only be broken by shaking approaching or exceeding 1g, as anticipated by the rarity of documented accounts of snapped trees. I briefly consider several well‐documented instances of tree damage during strong earthquakes, drawing inferences about local ground motions.

Publication Year 2026
Title Only very strong shaking can break a tree
DOI 10.1785/0320250036
Authors Susan E. Hough
Publication Type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Series Title The Seismic Record
Index ID 70276936
Record Source USGS Publications Warehouse
USGS Organization Earthquake Science Center
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