A variety of low- to high-gradient streams in Colorado and Montana were treated with the fish toxicant antimycin (Fintrol) to evaluate its efficacy in relation to stream gradient. In general, a dose of 8 μg/L delivered for 8 h effectively killed brook trout Salvelinus fontinalisand rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss over an elevation drop of 60–75 m where pH was low (≤7.0) and water temperature was warm (≥10°C). Colder water temperatures and higher pHs reduced the effectiveness of antimycin.