The U.S. Geological Survey began stratigraphic and structural studies in the southern half of the Koyukuk Cretaceous basin in 1954. During June 1954, the Shaktolik River was traversed by boat from near the confluence of Brass Pan Creek to Norton Sound. All cutback exposures along the river were examined and, in addition, some of the outcrops in the hills between the lower Shaktolik and lower Ungalik rivers were visited.