Regional ground-water flow at the Fort Leonard Wood Military Reservation (FLWMR) generally is east and west away from a regional ground-water divide towards the Big Piney River and Roubidoux Creek. Ground-water flow in the northern FLWMR is strongly affected by solution-enlarged fractures and bedding planes in the Roubidoux Formation and Gasconade Dolomite. Several large springs located on the FLWMR (Sandstone Spring) and off the FLWMR (Shanghai Spring, Roubidoux Spring, and Miller Spring) receive water from precipitation recharge and stream flow loss on the FLWMR.