The results of a 1-year study of surface-water quality in the Tyronza River Watershed are presented to document conditions before implementation of Soil Conservation Service programs. The report includes a general description of the watershed's topography, geology, and aquifers, and the results of monthly measurements of discharge at five sites, and several physical and chemical parameters, plus quarterly analyses for several ions and semiannual analyses of bottom material for various pesticides. Interpretation of the results indicates that the quality of the water in the streams and ditches sampled is normal for an intensely farmed area such as this watershed.