Bat and Insect Articles
Where online versions are available, the link is provided via the title. Click Science for articles.
The Radar Entomology Online Bibliography
Ahlén, I., H.J. Baagøe, and L. Bach. 2009. Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. Journal of Mammalogy 90: 1318-1323.
Ahlén, I., L. Bach, H.J. Baagøe, and J. Pettersson. 2007. Bats and offshore wind turbines studied in southern Scandinavia. Unpublished report (No. 5571) to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.
Beerwinkle, K.R., J. Lopez, J.D., J.A. Witz, P.G. Schleider, R.S. Eyster, and P.D. Lingren. 1994. Seasonal radar and meteorological observations associated with nocturnal insect flight at altitudes to 900 meters. Environmental Entomology 23: 676-683.
Bruderer, B., and A.G. Popa-Lisseanu. 2005. Radar data on wing-beat frequencies and flight speeds of two bat species. Acta Chiropterologica 7: 73-82.
Cabrera-Cruz, S.A., T.J. Mabee, and R. Villegas Patraca. 2013. Using theoretical flight speeds to discriminate birds from insects in radar studies. Condor 115:263-272. (southern Mexico – mobile marine radar)
Chapman, J.W. 2002. High-altitude migration of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) to the U.K.: a study using radar, aerial netting, and ground trapping. Ecological Entomology 27(6): 641-650.
Chapman, J.W., D.R. Reynolds, and A.D. Smith. 2003. Vertical-looking radar: a new tool for monitoring high-altitude insect migration. BioScience 53: 503-511.
Chapman, J.W., V.A. Drake, and D.R. Reynolds. 2011. Recent insights from radar studies of insect flight. Annual Review of Entomology 56:337-356.
Chapman, J.W., R.L. Nesbit, L.E. Burgin, D.R. Reynolds, A.D. Smith, D.R. Middleton, and J.K. Hill. 2010. Flight orientation behaviors promote optimal migration trajectories in high-flying insects. Science 327:682-685.
Chapman, J.W., C. Nilsson, K.S. Lim, J. Bäckman, D.R. Reynolds, and T. Alerstam. 2015. Adaptive strategies in nocturnally migrating insects and songbirds: contrasting responses to wind. Journal of Animal Ecology doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12420
Chapman, J.W., D.R. Reynolds, and K. Wilson. 2015. Long-range seasonal migration in insects: mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences. Ecology Letters doi: 10.1111/ele.12407
Cryan, P.M., and R. Diehl. 2009. In Press. Analyzing bat migration. In Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats, 2nd edition. T.H. Kunz and S. Parsons (editors). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Cryan, P.M., P.M. Gorrensen, C.D. Hein, M.R. Schirmacher, R.H. Diehl, M.M. Huso, D.T.S. Hayman, P.D. Fricker, F.J. Bonaccorso, D.H. Johnson, K. Heist, and D.C. Dalton. 2014. Behavior of bats at wind turbines. PNAS 111:15126-15131.
Drake, A. 2002. Automatically operating radars for monitoring insect pest migrations. Insect Science 9(4): 27-39.
Drake, V.A. 2014. Estimation of unbiased insect densities and density profiles with vertically pointing entomological radars. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35:13, 4630-4654, DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2014.919682
Drake, V.A. and D.R. Reynolds. 2012. Radar entomology: observing insect flight and migration. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
Frick, W.F., P. M. Stepanian, J.F. Kelly, K.W. Howard, C. M. Kuster, T.H. Kunz, and P.B. Chilson. 2012. Climate and weather impact timing of emergence of bats. PLoS ONE 7(8):e42737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042737
Glover, K.M., K.R. Hardy, T.G. Konrad, W.N. Sullivan, and A.S. Michaels. 1966. Radar observations of insects in free flight. Science 154: 967-972.
Hobbs, S.E., and W.W. Wolf. 1996. Developments in airborne entomological radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13: 58-61.
Horn, J.W. and T.H. Kunz. 2008. Analyzing NEXRAD Doppler radar images to assess nightly dispersal patterns and population trends in Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis). Integrative and Comparative Biology 48: 24-39.
Johnson, C.G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, UK.
Kunz, T.H., E.B. Arnett, B.M. Cooper, W.P. Erickson, R.P. Larkin, T. Mabee, M.L. Morrison, M.D. Strickland, and J.M. Szewczak. 2007. Assessing impacts of wind-energy development on nocturnally active birds and bats: a guidance document. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2449-2486.
Larkin, R. 1991. Flight speeds observed with radar, a correction: slow "birds" are insects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29: 221-224.
Leskinen, M., I. Markkula, J. Loistinen, P. Pylkkö, S. Ooperi, P. Siljamo, H. Ojanen, S. Raiskio and K. Tiilikkala. 2009. Pest insect immigration warning by an atmospheric dispersion model, weather radars and traps. Journal of Applied Entomology, early online view December 2009.
Mascanzoni, D. and H. Wallin. 1986. The harmonic radar: a new method of tracing insects in the field. Ecological Entomology 11: 387-390.
Masteller, E.C. 2000. Radar detection of Hexagenia mayflies from Lake Erie, Erie, PA. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society 17: 155.
Mueller, E.A. and R.P. Larkin. 1985. Insects observed using dual-polarization radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 2: 49-54.
Reynolds, D.R. 2008. A radar study of emigratory flight and layer formation by insects at dawn over southern Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98: 35-52.
Richter, J.H., D.R. Jensen, V.R. Noonkester, J.B. Kreasky, M.W. Stimmann, and W.W. Wolf. 1973. Remote radar sensing: atmospheric structure and insects. Science 180: 1176-1178.
Riley, J.R. 1973. Angular and temporal variations in the radar cross-sections of insects. P.I. Electr. Eng. 120: 1229-1232.
Riley, J.R. 1975. Collective orientation in night-flying insects. Nature 253: 113-114.
Riley, J.R. 1980. Radar as an aid to the study of insect flight. Pp. 131-140 in C.J. Amlaner, Jr., and D.W. Macdonald (editors). A handbook on biotelemetry and radio tracking. Pergamon, New York, NY.
Riley, J.R. 2003. The feasibility of using vertical-looking radar to monitor the migration of brown planthopper and other insect pests of rice in China. Insect Science 10(1): 1-19.
Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1979. Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B204: 67-82.
Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1983. A long-range migration of grasshoppers observed in the Sahelian zone of Mali by two radars. Journal of Animal Ecology 52: 167-183.
Riley, J.R., A.D. Smith, D.R. Reynolds, A.S. Edwards, J.L. Osborne, I.H. Williams, N.L. Carreck, and G.M. Poppy. 1996. Tracking bees with harmonic radar. Nature 379: 29-30.
Riley, J.R., P. Valeur, A.D. Smith, D.R. Reynolds, G.M. Poppy, and C. Lofstedt. 1998. Harmonic radar as a means of tracking the pheromone-finding and pheromone-following flight of male moths. Journal of Insect Behavior 11: 287-296.
Russell, R.W., and J.W. Wilson. 1997. Radar-observed "fine lines" in the optically clear boundary layer: reflectivity contributions from aerial plankton and its predators. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 82: 235-262.
Schaefer, G.W. 1976. Radar observations of insect flight. Pp. 157-197 in R.C. Rainey (editor). Insect Flight. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, UK.
Smith, A.D., J.R. Riley, and R.D. Gregory. 1993. A method for routine monitoring of the aerial migration of insects by using a vertical-looking radar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B340: 393-404.
Vaughn, C.R. 1985. Birds and insects as radar targets: a review. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 73: 205-227.
Waloff, Z. 1972. Observations on the airspeeds of freely flying locusts. Anim. Behav. 20: 367-372.
Westbrook, J.K., R.S. Eyster, and W.W. Wolf. 2014. WSR-88D doppler radar detection of corn earworm moth migration. International Journal of Biometeorology 58:931–940.
Williams, T.C., L.C. Ireland, and J.M. Williams. 1973. High altitude flights of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, observed with radar. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 807-821.
Wolf, W.W., J.K. Westbrook, J.R. Raulston, S.D. Pair, and S.E. Hobbs. 1990. Recent airborne radar observations of migrant pests in the United States. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 328: 619-630.
Wolf, W.W., J.K. Westbrook, J.R. Raulston, S.D. Pair, and P.D. Lingren. 1995. Radar observations of orientation of noctuids migrating from corn fields in the lower Rio Grande Valley. Southwest Entomology 18: 45-61.
Back to Radar Technology - A Tool for Understanding Migratory “Aerofauna”
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Where online versions are available, the link is provided via the title. Click Science for articles.
The Radar Entomology Online Bibliography
Ahlén, I., H.J. Baagøe, and L. Bach. 2009. Behavior of Scandinavian bats during migration and foraging at sea. Journal of Mammalogy 90: 1318-1323.
Ahlén, I., L. Bach, H.J. Baagøe, and J. Pettersson. 2007. Bats and offshore wind turbines studied in southern Scandinavia. Unpublished report (No. 5571) to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden.
Beerwinkle, K.R., J. Lopez, J.D., J.A. Witz, P.G. Schleider, R.S. Eyster, and P.D. Lingren. 1994. Seasonal radar and meteorological observations associated with nocturnal insect flight at altitudes to 900 meters. Environmental Entomology 23: 676-683.
Bruderer, B., and A.G. Popa-Lisseanu. 2005. Radar data on wing-beat frequencies and flight speeds of two bat species. Acta Chiropterologica 7: 73-82.
Cabrera-Cruz, S.A., T.J. Mabee, and R. Villegas Patraca. 2013. Using theoretical flight speeds to discriminate birds from insects in radar studies. Condor 115:263-272. (southern Mexico – mobile marine radar)
Chapman, J.W. 2002. High-altitude migration of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) to the U.K.: a study using radar, aerial netting, and ground trapping. Ecological Entomology 27(6): 641-650.
Chapman, J.W., D.R. Reynolds, and A.D. Smith. 2003. Vertical-looking radar: a new tool for monitoring high-altitude insect migration. BioScience 53: 503-511.
Chapman, J.W., V.A. Drake, and D.R. Reynolds. 2011. Recent insights from radar studies of insect flight. Annual Review of Entomology 56:337-356.
Chapman, J.W., R.L. Nesbit, L.E. Burgin, D.R. Reynolds, A.D. Smith, D.R. Middleton, and J.K. Hill. 2010. Flight orientation behaviors promote optimal migration trajectories in high-flying insects. Science 327:682-685.
Chapman, J.W., C. Nilsson, K.S. Lim, J. Bäckman, D.R. Reynolds, and T. Alerstam. 2015. Adaptive strategies in nocturnally migrating insects and songbirds: contrasting responses to wind. Journal of Animal Ecology doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12420
Chapman, J.W., D.R. Reynolds, and K. Wilson. 2015. Long-range seasonal migration in insects: mechanisms, evolutionary drivers and ecological consequences. Ecology Letters doi: 10.1111/ele.12407
Cryan, P.M., and R. Diehl. 2009. In Press. Analyzing bat migration. In Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats, 2nd edition. T.H. Kunz and S. Parsons (editors). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD.
Cryan, P.M., P.M. Gorrensen, C.D. Hein, M.R. Schirmacher, R.H. Diehl, M.M. Huso, D.T.S. Hayman, P.D. Fricker, F.J. Bonaccorso, D.H. Johnson, K. Heist, and D.C. Dalton. 2014. Behavior of bats at wind turbines. PNAS 111:15126-15131.
Drake, A. 2002. Automatically operating radars for monitoring insect pest migrations. Insect Science 9(4): 27-39.
Drake, V.A. 2014. Estimation of unbiased insect densities and density profiles with vertically pointing entomological radars. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35:13, 4630-4654, DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2014.919682
Drake, V.A. and D.R. Reynolds. 2012. Radar entomology: observing insect flight and migration. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
Frick, W.F., P. M. Stepanian, J.F. Kelly, K.W. Howard, C. M. Kuster, T.H. Kunz, and P.B. Chilson. 2012. Climate and weather impact timing of emergence of bats. PLoS ONE 7(8):e42737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042737
Glover, K.M., K.R. Hardy, T.G. Konrad, W.N. Sullivan, and A.S. Michaels. 1966. Radar observations of insects in free flight. Science 154: 967-972.
Hobbs, S.E., and W.W. Wolf. 1996. Developments in airborne entomological radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13: 58-61.
Horn, J.W. and T.H. Kunz. 2008. Analyzing NEXRAD Doppler radar images to assess nightly dispersal patterns and population trends in Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis). Integrative and Comparative Biology 48: 24-39.
Johnson, C.G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, UK.
Kunz, T.H., E.B. Arnett, B.M. Cooper, W.P. Erickson, R.P. Larkin, T. Mabee, M.L. Morrison, M.D. Strickland, and J.M. Szewczak. 2007. Assessing impacts of wind-energy development on nocturnally active birds and bats: a guidance document. Journal of Wildlife Management 71: 2449-2486.
Larkin, R. 1991. Flight speeds observed with radar, a correction: slow "birds" are insects. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29: 221-224.
Leskinen, M., I. Markkula, J. Loistinen, P. Pylkkö, S. Ooperi, P. Siljamo, H. Ojanen, S. Raiskio and K. Tiilikkala. 2009. Pest insect immigration warning by an atmospheric dispersion model, weather radars and traps. Journal of Applied Entomology, early online view December 2009.
Mascanzoni, D. and H. Wallin. 1986. The harmonic radar: a new method of tracing insects in the field. Ecological Entomology 11: 387-390.
Masteller, E.C. 2000. Radar detection of Hexagenia mayflies from Lake Erie, Erie, PA. Bulletin of the North American Benthological Society 17: 155.
Mueller, E.A. and R.P. Larkin. 1985. Insects observed using dual-polarization radar. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 2: 49-54.
Reynolds, D.R. 2008. A radar study of emigratory flight and layer formation by insects at dawn over southern Britain. Bulletin of Entomological Research 98: 35-52.
Richter, J.H., D.R. Jensen, V.R. Noonkester, J.B. Kreasky, M.W. Stimmann, and W.W. Wolf. 1973. Remote radar sensing: atmospheric structure and insects. Science 180: 1176-1178.
Riley, J.R. 1973. Angular and temporal variations in the radar cross-sections of insects. P.I. Electr. Eng. 120: 1229-1232.
Riley, J.R. 1975. Collective orientation in night-flying insects. Nature 253: 113-114.
Riley, J.R. 1980. Radar as an aid to the study of insect flight. Pp. 131-140 in C.J. Amlaner, Jr., and D.W. Macdonald (editors). A handbook on biotelemetry and radio tracking. Pergamon, New York, NY.
Riley, J.R. 2003. The feasibility of using vertical-looking radar to monitor the migration of brown planthopper and other insect pests of rice in China. Insect Science 10(1): 1-19.
Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1979. Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B204: 67-82.
Riley, J.R. and D.R. Reynolds. 1983. A long-range migration of grasshoppers observed in the Sahelian zone of Mali by two radars. Journal of Animal Ecology 52: 167-183.
Riley, J.R., A.D. Smith, D.R. Reynolds, A.S. Edwards, J.L. Osborne, I.H. Williams, N.L. Carreck, and G.M. Poppy. 1996. Tracking bees with harmonic radar. Nature 379: 29-30.
Riley, J.R., P. Valeur, A.D. Smith, D.R. Reynolds, G.M. Poppy, and C. Lofstedt. 1998. Harmonic radar as a means of tracking the pheromone-finding and pheromone-following flight of male moths. Journal of Insect Behavior 11: 287-296.
Russell, R.W., and J.W. Wilson. 1997. Radar-observed "fine lines" in the optically clear boundary layer: reflectivity contributions from aerial plankton and its predators. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 82: 235-262.
Schaefer, G.W. 1976. Radar observations of insect flight. Pp. 157-197 in R.C. Rainey (editor). Insect Flight. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, UK.
Smith, A.D., J.R. Riley, and R.D. Gregory. 1993. A method for routine monitoring of the aerial migration of insects by using a vertical-looking radar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B340: 393-404.
Vaughn, C.R. 1985. Birds and insects as radar targets: a review. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 73: 205-227.
Waloff, Z. 1972. Observations on the airspeeds of freely flying locusts. Anim. Behav. 20: 367-372.
Westbrook, J.K., R.S. Eyster, and W.W. Wolf. 2014. WSR-88D doppler radar detection of corn earworm moth migration. International Journal of Biometeorology 58:931–940.
Williams, T.C., L.C. Ireland, and J.M. Williams. 1973. High altitude flights of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, observed with radar. Journal of Mammalogy 54: 807-821.
Wolf, W.W., J.K. Westbrook, J.R. Raulston, S.D. Pair, and S.E. Hobbs. 1990. Recent airborne radar observations of migrant pests in the United States. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 328: 619-630.
Wolf, W.W., J.K. Westbrook, J.R. Raulston, S.D. Pair, and P.D. Lingren. 1995. Radar observations of orientation of noctuids migrating from corn fields in the lower Rio Grande Valley. Southwest Entomology 18: 45-61.
Back to Radar Technology - A Tool for Understanding Migratory “Aerofauna”
Back to NOROCK Home