Conceptual diagram for the invasive annual grass (IAG) state-and-transition simulation model (STSM) in Orning and others, 2026

Conceptual diagram for the invasive annual grass (IAG) state-and-transition simulation model (STSM) co-developed by researchers and natural resource managers from Nov 2022-Oct 2023. Boxes represent discrete states (or vegetation conditions), and lines and arrows represent the processes or dynamics that move one discrete state to another, with solid lines representing successful transitions and dashed lines representing unsuccessful transitions. From Orning and others (2026).