Figures depicting the effects of continued feeding and no feeding on bison population, hunting, and human-bison conflict

Detailed Description
The figures show the modeled effects of continued winter supplemental feeding versus no feeding at the National Elk Refuge on bison population, hunting, and human-bison conflict. Fine lines represent the outcomes over a 20-year time window of the many times the model was run and allows for the visualize of the range or variation of potential outcomes. Bold lines are the average of those 100 model runs.
Sources/Usage
Public Domain.
(USGS figure: Cook, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QZGZSN; McEachran and Cook, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1DZS7MW, and Cook and Cross, eds., 2025, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245119)