Hurricane Sandy dune-elevation change - Virginia

Hurricane Sandy dune-elevation change (A), shoreline change (B), and beach-volume change (C) between November 2009 and November 2012 for the Virginia coast. Vertical dashed lines indicate the center of Virginia Beach, Smith Island, and Wallops Island. Horizontal axis is distance from landfall (DFL) in kilometers where negative numbers indicate areas south of landfall, and positive numbers indicate areas north of landfall.