Numerical Models of the Physics Underpinning Induced Earthquakes Active
The USGS uses computer simulations to evaluate the physical relationships between fluid injection (or extraction) and earthquakes. We can only indirectly study these relationships using observations, so computer simulations help us gain a better physical understanding for the processes that are most likely causing these earthquakes. Scientists can also use such simulations to understand complex patterns in seismicity collected by either temporary or permanent seismic stations.
Many induced earthquakes in the CEUS are thought to be caused by deep wastewater-disposal related to industrial activity. The USGS simulates how fluids flow away from an injection well; this allows us to see how the fluid pressure underground changes in response to injection. Fluid pressure increases within faults are believed to be the main cause of induced earthquakes. To illustrate, a simulation of a scenario similar to injection in Oklahoma shows a detectable rise in fluid pressure out to 5 miles away from the well. After ten years that same pore pressure change can be seen at nearly 15 miles. Based on simulations like this, the USGS can evaluate whether pressure changes at a given location such as a known fault would be large enough to cause an earthquake.
The USGS also models many other physical processes to better understand induced earthquakes. These include: temperature, pressure, and stress changes associated with geothermal energy production; observable surface deformation associated with reservoir compaction around geothermal plants, and injection of liquid carbon dioxide at carbon sequestration plants.
- Overview
The USGS uses computer simulations to evaluate the physical relationships between fluid injection (or extraction) and earthquakes. We can only indirectly study these relationships using observations, so computer simulations help us gain a better physical understanding for the processes that are most likely causing these earthquakes. Scientists can also use such simulations to understand complex patterns in seismicity collected by either temporary or permanent seismic stations.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. View Media DetailsCartoon of the effects of fluid injection and withdrawal can have on nearby faults. (Public domain.) Many induced earthquakes in the CEUS are thought to be caused by deep wastewater-disposal related to industrial activity. The USGS simulates how fluids flow away from an injection well; this allows us to see how the fluid pressure underground changes in response to injection. Fluid pressure increases within faults are believed to be the main cause of induced earthquakes. To illustrate, a simulation of a scenario similar to injection in Oklahoma shows a detectable rise in fluid pressure out to 5 miles away from the well. After ten years that same pore pressure change can be seen at nearly 15 miles. Based on simulations like this, the USGS can evaluate whether pressure changes at a given location such as a known fault would be large enough to cause an earthquake.
The USGS also models many other physical processes to better understand induced earthquakes. These include: temperature, pressure, and stress changes associated with geothermal energy production; observable surface deformation associated with reservoir compaction around geothermal plants, and injection of liquid carbon dioxide at carbon sequestration plants.
Sources/Usage: Some content may have restrictions. View Media DetailsOne Earth process the USGS simulates is how fluids flow from an injection well. Simulating fluid flow allows us to see how the fluid pressure underground changes in response to injection. Fluid pressure increases within faults are believed to be the main cause of induced earthquakes. A simulation of a scenario similar to injection in Oklahoma shows a detectable rise in fluid pressure out to 5 miles away from the well. After ten years that same pore pressure change can be seen at nearly 15 miles. Based on simulations like this, the USGS can evaluate whether pressure changes at a given location such as a known fault would be large enough to cause an earthquake. (Public domain.)