During an eruption monitoring overflight mid-day on September 12, 2023, activity in Kīlauea caldera was focused on six active vents that were producing lava fountains and flows. In this photo, oriented looking toward the southwest, several inactive fissures on the northeast side of the downdropped block appear silver and brown in color. The brown patches on the southeast side of the fissures (downwind) represent tephra blankets that were generated when the fissures were active. USGS photo by K. Lynn.

This view of the eruption site within Kīlauea caldera was captured in the afternoon of Tuesday, September 12 from the southeast rim of Kaluapele. Multiple vents are spattering and effusing lava as the Kīlauea summit eruption nears the end of its second full day. USGS photo by M. Zoeller. 

The former Hawaiian Volcano Observatory building, perched on Kīlauea caldera rim, has spectacular views of the summit eruption. The tower was built with a vision of overlooking eruptions such as this one. This building was damaged during the 2018 summit collapse and is slated for deconstruction later this year. USGS photo by C. Gansecki. 

The former Hawaiian Volcano Observatory building, perched on Kīlauea caldera rim, has spectacular views of the summit eruption. The tower was built with a vision of overlooking eruptions such as this one. This building was damaged during the 2018 summit collapse and is slated for deconstruction later this year. USGS photo by C. Gansecki. 

An aerial view of the eruption at the summit of Kīlauea at approximately 12:20 p.m. H.S.T. on September 12, 2023. Multiple minor fountains remain active on the downdropped block (right) within Kīlauea's summit caldera. USGS photo by N. Deligne. 

An aerial view of the eruption at the summit of Kīlauea at approximately 12:30 p.m. H.S.T. on September 12, 2023. Multiple minor fountains remain active on the downdropped block within Kīlauea's summit caldera. Lava flows emplaced since September 10, 2023, have surrounded older fissures from the April 1982 eruption, visible as darker brown vents in the center right of the photo. USGS photo by N. Deligne.

During the afternoon of September 12, 2023, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologists conducted an overflight of the new eruption within Kīlauea summit caldera. The eruption is occurring on the downdropped block east of Halema‘uma‘u, which formed during the 2018 summit collapse. A safe location was identified to land on the downdropped block, from which this photo was taken using a telephoto lens. This view shows the north side of the easternmost fountains that were active at the time. The cooled lava in the foreground (bottom half of photo) erupted during the current eruption. USGS photo by N. Deligne.

An HVO geologist makes observations of the vents erupting on the floor of the downdropped block in Kīlauea summit caldera on September 12, 2023. Field crews measure the height of the cones around the vents, the height of the lava fountains, and the height of the lava flow field as it becomes perched above the surrounding pre-eruptive landscape. USGS photo by N. Deligne.

On September 12, 2023, HVO geologists landed on the downdropped block to collect samples of tephra from the now-inactive easternmost fissures of the new eruption at the summit of Kīlauea. These samples will be analyzed to better understand how and why the new eruption occurred. USGS photo by K. Lynn.

Tephra created within approximately the first 18 hours of the eruption that began in Kīlauea caldera the afternoon of Sunday, September 10, were collected on September 12, 2023, and dried in the lab overnight. Today, these samples will be processed for various analyses to determine what the lava composition is and what minerals it might contain, such as olivine. USGS photo by K. Lynn.

These tephra and spatter clasts were eruption recently at the summit of Kīlauea. They were collected from an inactive fissure on September 12, 2023, and brought back to the lab where they will be analyzed in several ways, including their density, shape, size, and chemistry. The larger clast on the bottom is about 8 inches (20 cm) long. USGS photo by K. Lynn.

Kīlauea started erupting on September 10, 2023, at approximately 3:15 p.m. H.S.T., from fissures which extended from the eastern margin of Halema‘uma‘u crater and onto the down-dropped block to the east within Kīlauea’s summit caldera. A large proportion of the erupted lava flowed northward until it encountered cliffs around Halema‘uma‘u crater and the summit caldera. This series of photos, taken from the western rim of Halema‘uma‘u looking east, shows lava flow advancing counterclockwise along the north (left) and then northwest (bottom) margin of Halema‘uma‘u. The first photo (top left) is from approximately 1 hour and 10 minutes after the eruption started, and the last photo (bottom right) is from approximately 3 hours and 5 minutes after the eruption started. USGS image by N. Deligne.