Data Releases
The data collected and the techniques used by USGS scientists should conform to or reference national and international standards and protocols if they exist and when they are relevant and appropriate. For datasets of a given type, and if national or international metadata standards exist, the data are indexed with metadata that facilitates access and integration.
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Data for salinity regressions and total dissolved solids calculations in groundwater in the United States (ver. 1.1, January 2026) Data for salinity regressions and total dissolved solids calculations in groundwater in the United States (ver. 1.1, January 2026)
Groundwater salinity impacts water quality and limits usability for drinking, irrigation, and industrial purposes where salinity is high. Salinity is a measure of the mass of dissolved salts in a given volume of solution and is closely related to the concentration of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as well as the ability of water to conduct electricity, or specific conductance (SC)...
Paleomagnetic data from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi Paleomagnetic data from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi
This dataset includes paleomagnetic analyses of lava samples from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Analyses were performed using a cryogenic magnetometer in Menlo Park, California, USA. The data were collected as part of fundamental geologic mapping of the Southwest Rift Zone, East Rift Zone, summit, and south flank regions of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. These data (when...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2025
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2025. It includes data from a total of 46 sites occupied from January 1 to August 15, 2025 (see note below). For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and...
Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i Olivine core and rim electron microprobe analyses for the June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption of Kīlauea, Island of Hawai‘i
The June 2023 Halema‘uma‘u eruption began on June 7 and ended on June 19 (~2 weeks; Mulliken et al. 2024). Field crews from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected frothy pumice clasts from initial high fountaining on 7 June 2023 from accessible regions southwest of Kaluapele (Kīlauea’s summit caldera). Samples were collected from within a publicly closed area...
Compositional and Hydrothermal Frictional Strength Data for Five Chlorite Gouges Compositional and Hydrothermal Frictional Strength Data for Five Chlorite Gouges
A series of hydrothermal frictional strength experiments was conducted on synthetic gouges prepared from five chlorite-rich samples of varying composition. We present chlorite mineral compositions obtained by electron microprobe techniques, and X-ray diffraction and bulk chemical analyses of the gouges that were prepared by hand-grinding each sample to less than 90-µm grain diameter...
Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024 Campaign GNSS measurements on the Island of Hawaiʻi collected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory in 2024
This release includes data collected during campaign GNSS surveys at Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, and Hualālai volcanoes on the Island of Hawaiʻi in 2024. It includes data from a total of 63 sites occupied from January 1 to December 31, 2024. For each site, we include its measured raw data in daily files, Receiver INdependent EXchange (RINEX) files for each day, field log sheet(s), and associated...